Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T13:29:26.649Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Research on children of affectively ill parents: Some considerations for theory and research on normal development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2008

Marian Radke-Yarrow  and
Carolyn Zahn-Waxler
Marian Radke-Yarrow
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health
Carolyn Zahn-Waxler
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Research in developmental psychopathology is used to examine and propose questions, concepts, and methods in the investigation of child development in the contexts of dysfunctional and well families. The adequacy of the data base for investigating the course of development, representing the socialization process, and identifying individualities and universals in development is discussed. A number of research issues that have been studied primarily in developmental psychopathology are recommended as relevant to normal child development. Multidomain and multisource longitudinal data are proposed as the means for better delineating development and for testing alternative models of developmental processes. Examples of data and experience are drawn from longitudinal studies of affectively ill parents and their children. Differences in the perspectives and approaches of normal child development research and developmental child psychopathology are discussed. The usefulness of thinking of two disciplines, normal child development and child development psychopathology, is questioned.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , October 1990 , pp. 349 - 366
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1981). Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged 4 through 16. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (Serial No. 188). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1984). Psychopathology of childhood. Annual Review of Psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 227–256). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, Inc.Google Scholar
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4, 1–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beardslee, W. R., Bemporad, J., Keller, M., & Klerman, G. (1983). Children of parents with major affective disorder: A review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 825–832.Google ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., Fish, M., & Isabella, R. (in press). Continuity and discontinuity in infant negative and positive emotionality: Family antecedents and attachment consequences. Developmental Psychology.Google Scholar
Breznitz, Z., & Sherman, T. (1987). Speech patterning of natural discourse of well and depressed mothers and their young children. Child Development, 58, 395–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campos, J. J., Barrett, K. C., Lamb, M. E., Goldsmith, H. H., & Stenberg, C. (1983). Socioemotional development. In Mussen, P. H. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed.) (Vol. 2, pp. 783–915). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (1984). The emergence of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D. (Ed.). (1989). Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology: The emergence of a discipline (Vol. 1). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (1990). The organization and coherence of Socioemotional, cognitive, and representational development: Illustrations through a developmental psychopathology perspective on down syndrome and child maltreatment. In Thompson, R. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 36, pp. 259–366). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., Ganiban, J., & Barnett, D. (in press). Contributions from the study of high risk populations to understanding the development of emotion regulation. In Dodge, K. & Garber, J. (Eds.), Development of affect regulation and dysregulation. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Conn, J. F., Campbell, S. B., Matias, R., & Hopkins, J. (1990). Face-to-face interactions of post-partum depressed and non-depressed mother-infant pairs at 2 months. Developmental Psychology, 26(1), 15–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyne, J., & Gotlib, I. H. Depression and parenthood: An investigative review. Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Cummings, E. M., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1981). Young children's responses to expressions & anger & affection by others in the family. Child Development, 52, 1274–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cytryn, L., McKnew, D., & Sherman, T. (1985). Parental characteristics of high risk children. Presentation to Scientific Counselors, NIMH, Bethesda, MD.Google Scholar
Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 108(1), 50–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forehand, R., McCombs, A., & Brady, G. H. (1987). The relationship of parental depressive mood states to child functioning: An analysis by type of sample and area of child functioning. Advances in Behavioral Research & Therapy, 9, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garmezy, N., & Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1983). Stress, coping, and development in children. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H., & Brumley, H. E. (1990). Schizophrenic and depressed mothers: Relational deficits in parenting. Developmental Psychology, 26(1), 31–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammen, C., Adrian, C., Gordon, D., Burge, D., Jaenicke, C., & Hiroto, D. (1987). Children of depressed mothers: Maternal strain and symptom predictors of dysfunction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 190–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammen, C., Gordon, D., Burge, D., Adrian, C., Jaenicke, C. J., & Hiroto, D. (1988). Maternal affective disorders, illness and stress: Risk for chilren's psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 736–741.Google Scholar
Keller, M., Beardslee, W. R., Dorer, D. J., Lavori, P. W., Samuelson, H., & Klerman, G. R. (1986). Impact of severity and chronicity of parental affective illness on adaptive functioning and psychopathology in children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 930–937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kochanska, G., & Kuczynski, L. (1989). Development of children's noncompliance strategies from toddlerhood to age 5. Developmental Psychology, 26(3), 398–408.Google Scholar
Kochanska, G., Kuczynski, L., Radke-Yarrow, M., & Welsh, J. D. (1987). Resolutions of control episodes between well and affectively ill mothers and their young children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15(3), 441–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loranger, A. W. (1988). Personality disorder examination manual. Printed in USA by DV Communications, Yonkers, NY.Google Scholar
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In Hetherington, E. M. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Mussen, P. H. (Series Ed.). Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development, (pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Malatesta, C. Z., & Wilson, A. (1988). Emotion/cognition interaction in personality development: A discrete emotions, functionalist analyses. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 91–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez, P., Radke-Yarrow, M., Belmont, B., & Nottelmann, E. (1990). Developmental Continuities and discontinuities between three and six years of age. Unpublished manuscript. Laboratory of Developmental Psychology, NIMH, Bethesda, MD.Google Scholar
Murphy, L. B., & Moriarty, A. E. (1976). Vulnerability, coping, and growth: From infancy to adolescence. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Pannaccione, V. F., & Wahler, R. G. (1986). Child behavior, maternal depression, and social coercion as factors in the quality of child care. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14(2), 263–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radke-Yarrow, M. (1989). Family environments of depressed and well parents and their children: Issues of research methods. In Patterson, G. R. (Ed.), Aggression and depression in family interactions (pp. 169–183). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Radke-Yarrow, M., Cummings, E. M., Kuczynski, L., & Chapman, M. (1985). Patterns of attachment in two- and three-year-olds in normal families and families with parental depression. Child Development, 56, 884–893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radke-Yarrow, M., Nottelmann, E. D., Martinez, P. E., Fox, M., & Belmont, B. (1990). Children of affectively ill parents: A longitudinal study of the course of early development. Presented at American Psychological Association, Boston.Google Scholar
Radke-Yarrow, M., Richters, J., & Wilson, W. E. (1988). Child Development in a Network of Relationships, In Hinde, R. A. & Stevenson-Hinde, J. (Eds.), Relationships within families (pp. 48–67). Oxford: Clarenden Press.Google Scholar
Radke-Yarrow, M., & Sherman, T. (1990). Hard growing: Children who survive. In Rolf, J. E., Masten, A., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K., & Weintraub, S. (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 97–119). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radke-Yarrow, M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1984). Roots, motives & patterning in children's prosocial behavior. In Staub, E., Bar-Tal, D., Karylowski, J., & Reykowski, J. (Eds.), The development and maintenance of prosocial behavior: International perspectives on positive morality (pp. 81–99). New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richters, J., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1991). Family Disorganization & Stress and Children's Psychosocial Development. Laboratory of Developmental Psychology, NIMH, Bethesda, MD. (in progress)Google Scholar
Rutter, M., & Quinton, D. (1981). Longitudinal studies of institutional children and children of mentally ill parents (United Kingdom). In Mednick, S. A. & Baert, A. E. (Eds.), Prospective longitudinal research: An empirical basis for the primary prevention of psychosocial disorders (pp. 297–305). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., & Garmezy, N. (1983). Developmental Psychopathology. In Mussen, P. H. (Ed.), Hand-book of child psychology. Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 775–912). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., Peterson, C., Kaslow, N., Tannenbaum, R., Alloy, L., & Abramson, L. (1984). Attributional style and depressive symptoms among children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93(2), 235–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., & Endicott, J. (1977). The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia: Lifetime version. New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A., & Rutter, M. (1984). The domain of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 17–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sroufe, L. A., & Jacobvitz, D. (1989). Diverging pathways, developmental transformations, multiple etiologies and the problem of continuity in development. Human Development, 32, 196–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tronick, E., & Field, T. (Eds.). (1986). Maternal depression & infant disturbance. New Directions for Child Development (No. 34). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Wachs, T. D. (1983). The use and abuse of environment in behavior-genetic research. Child Development, 54, 396–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, M. M., & Paykel, E. S. (1974). The depressed woman: A study of social relationships. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., & King, R. A. (1979). Child-rearing & children's prosocial initiations toward victims in distress. Child Development, 50, 319–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zahn-Waxler, C., Denham, D., Cummings, E. M., & lannotti, R. J. (in press). Peer relations in children with a depressed caregiver. In Parke, R. D. & Ladd, G. W. (Eds.), Family-peer relationships: Modes of linkage. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Zahn-Waxler, C., Kochanska, G., Krupnick, J., & McKnew, D. (1990). Patterns of guilt in children of depressed and well mothers. Developmental Psychology, 26(1), 51–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahn-Waxler, C., lannotti, R. J., Cummings, E. M., & Denham, S. A. (in press). Antecedents of problem behaviors in children of depressed mothers. Development and Psychopathology.Google Scholar
Zigler, E., & Glick, M. (1986). A developmental approach to adult psychopathology. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B. S., & Beardslee, W. R. (1987). Maternal depression: A concern for pediatricians. Pediatrics, 79(1), 110–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed