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Impulsivity, risk taking, and cortisol reactivity as a function of psychosocial stress and personality in adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2014

M. Sima Finy ,
Konrad Bresin ,
Donna L. Korol  and
Edelyn Verona
M. Sima Finy*
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Konrad Bresin
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Donna L. Korol
Affiliation:
Syracuse University
Edelyn Verona
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: M. Sima Finy, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Although adolescence is characterized by hormonal changes and increased disinhibited behaviors, explanations for these developmental changes that include personality and environmental factors have not been fully elucidated. We examined the interactions between psychosocial stress and the traits of negative emotionality and constraint on impulsive and risk-taking behaviors as well as salivary cortisol reactivity in 88 adolescents. In terms of behavioral outcomes, analyses revealed that negative emotionality and constraint were protective of impulsivity and risk taking, respectively, for adolescents in the no-stress condition; personality did not relate to either behavior in the stress condition. Low-constraint adolescents in the stress condition engaged in less risk taking than low-constraint adolescents in the no-stress condition, whereas there was no effect of stress group for high-constraint adolescents. In terms of cortisol reactivity, analyses revealed that low-constraint adolescents in the stress condition exhibited greater cortisol reactivity compared to high-constraint adolescents, which suggests that low-constraint adolescents mobilize greater resources (e.g., increased cognitive control, heightened attention to threat) in stressful situations relative to nonstressful ones. These results demonstrate that two facets of disinhibition and cortisol reactivity are differentially affected by psychosocial stress and personality (and their interactions) in adolescents.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Issue 4pt1 , November 2014 , pp. 1093 - 1111
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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