Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T17:54:57.606Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Heart rate and hurtful behavior from teens to adults: Paths to adult health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2018

J. Richard Jennings ,
Karen A. Matthews ,
Dustin Pardini  and
Adrian Raine
J. Richard Jennings*
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Karen A. Matthews
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Dustin Pardini
Affiliation:
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Adrian Raine
Affiliation:
Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
*
Author for correspondence: J. Richard Jennings, E1329, WPIC, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213; E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A low resting heart rate across development from infancy to young adulthood relates to greater aggression/hostility. Adult aggression and a high heart rate relate to health risk. Do some aggressive individuals retain low heart rate and less health risk across development while others show high heart rate and more risk? A longitudinal sample of 203 men assessed as teens (age 16.1) and adults (mean age 32.0) permitted us to assess (a) stability of heart rate levels and reactivity, (b) stability of aggression/hostility, and (c) whether change or stability related to health risk. Adults were assessed with Buss–Perry measures of aggression/hostility; teens with the Zuckerman aggression/hostility measure. Mean resting heart rate, heart rate reactivity to speech preparation, and aggression/hostility were moderately stable across development. Within age periods, mean heart rate level, but not reactivity, was negatively related to hostility/aggression. Maintaining low heart rate into adulthood was related to better health among aggressive individuals relative to those with increasing heart rate into adulthood. Analyses controlled for weight gain, socioeconomic status, race, health habits, and medication. Low heart rate as a characteristic of hostile/aggressive individuals may continue to relate to better health indices in adulthood, despite possible reversal of this relationship with aging.

Keywords

aggressiondevelopmenthealth riskheart ratehostility
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , October 2019 , pp. 1271 - 1283
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angold, A., Costello, E. J., Messer, S. C., & Pickles, A. (1995). Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, 251–262.Google Scholar
Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Reynolds, C., Zheng, M., Lozano, D. I., & Raine, A. (2009). Resting heart rate and the development of antisocial behavior from age 9 to 14: Genetic and environmental influences. Development and Psychopathology, 21(3), 939–960.Google Scholar
Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., Binkley, P. F., Uchino, B. N., Quigley, K. S., & Fieldstone, A. (1994). Autonomic cardiac control: III. Psychological stress and cardiac response in autonomic space as revealed by pharmacological blockades. Psychophysiology, 31(6), 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02352.xGoogle Scholar
Boylan, J. M., Jennings, J., & Matthews, K. A. (2016). Childhood socioeconomic status and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery among Black and White men: Mitigating effects of psychological resources. Health Psychology, 35(9), 957–966.Google Scholar
Brody, G. H., Yu, T., Chen, E., Miller, G. E., Kogan, S. M., & Beach, S. R. (2013). Is resilience only skin deep?: Rural African Americans' socioeconomic status-related risk and competence in preadolescence and psychological adjustment and allostatic load at age 19. Psychological Science, 24(7), 1285–1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612471954Google Scholar
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452–459.Google Scholar
Casey, B. (2015). Beyond simple models of self-control to circuit-based accounts of adolescent behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 295–319.Google Scholar
Chida, Y., & Hamer, M. (2008). Chronic psychosocial factors and acute physiological responses to laboratory-induced stress in healthy populations: A quantitative review of 30 years of investigations. Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 829–885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013342Google Scholar
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2009). The Association of Anger and Hostility With Future Coronary Heart Disease: A meta-analytic review of prospective evidence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(11), 936–946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044Google Scholar
Choy, O., Raine, A., Portnoy, J., Rudo-Hutt, A., Gao, Y., & Soyfer, L. (2015). The mediating role of heart rate on the social adversity-antisocial behavior relationship: A social neurocriminology perspective. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(3), 303–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427814565905Google Scholar
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396.Google Scholar
Cook, W. W., & Medley, D. M. (1954). Proposed hostility and Pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38(6), 414–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0060667Google Scholar
Crone, E. A., Duijvenvoorde, A. C., & Peper, J. S. (2016). Annual research review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence – Developmental changes and individual differences. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(3), 353–368.Google Scholar
Cundiff, J., Boylan, J., Pardini, D., & Matthews, K. (2017). Moving up matters: Socioeconomic mobility prospectively predicts better physical health. Health Psychology, 36, 609–617. doi: 10.1037/hea0000473Google Scholar
Duell, N., Steinberg, L., Chein, J., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Lei, C., … Alampay, L. P. (2016). Interaction of reward seeking and self-regulation in the prediction of risk taking: A cross-national test of the dual systems model. Developmental Psychology, 52(10), 1593–1605.Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., & Boyce, W. T. (2008). Biological sensitivity to context. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(3), 183–187.Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., & Del Giudice, M. (2014). Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development. Development and Psychopathology, 26(1), 1–20.Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Del Giudice, M., Dishion, T. J., Figueredo, A. J., Gray, P., Griskevicius, V., … Wilson, D. S. (2012). The evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior: Implications for science, policy, and practice. Developmental Psychology, 48(3), 598–623.Google Scholar
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299.Google Scholar
Fite, P. J., Raine, A., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., & Pardini, D. A. (2010). Reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent males: Examining differential outcomes 10 years later in early adulthood. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 141–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854809353051Google Scholar
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18(6), 499–502.Google Scholar
Gatzke-Kopp, L. M., Raine, A., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Steinhauer, S. R. (2002). Serious delinquent behavior, sensation seeking, and electrodermal arousal. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(5), 477–486.Google Scholar
Glenn, A. L., & Raine, A. (2014). Neurocriminology: Implications for the punishment, prediction and prevention of criminal behavior. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(1), 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3640Google Scholar
Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four-factor index of social status. New Haven, CT: Yale University.Google Scholar
Izzo, J. L. Jr., Sica, D. A., & Black, H. R. (2008). Hypertension primer: The essentials of high blood pressure: Basic science, population science, and clinical management (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. R., Pardini, D. A., & Matthews, K. A. (2017). Heart rate, health, and hurtful behavior. Psychophysiology, 54(3), 399–408.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. R., Berg, W. K., Hutcheson, J. S., Obrist, P., Porges, S., & Turpin, G. (1981). Committee report. Publication guidelines for heart rate studies in man. Psychophysiology, 18(3), 226–231.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. R., Heim, A. F., Kuan, D. C., Gianaros, P. J., Muldoon, M. F., & Manuck, S. B. (2013). Use of total cerebral blood flow as an imaging biomarker of known cardiovascular risks. Stroke, 44(9), 2480–2485.Google Scholar
Klabbers, G., Bosma, H., van den Akker, M., Kempen, G. I. J. M., & van Eijk, J. T. M. (2013). Cognitive hostility predicts all-cause mortality irrespective of behavioural risk at late middle and older age. European Journal of Public Health, 23(4), 701–705.Google Scholar
Lacey, B. C., & Lacey, J. I. (1974, reprinted 2008). Studies of heart rate and other bodily processes in sensorimotor behavior. In Obrist, P. A., Black, A. H., Brener, J., DiCara, L. V. (Eds.), Cardiovascular psychophysiology: Current issues in response mechanisms, biofeedback and methodology (pp. 538–564; xiii, 662 pp.). New Brunswick, NJ: AldineTransaction; US, 538–564.Google Scholar
Latvala, A., Kuja-Halkola, R., Almqvist, C., Larsson, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2015). A longitudinal study of resting heart rate and violent criminality in more than 700,000 men. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(10), 971–978.Google Scholar
Loeber, R., Menting, B., Lynam, D. R., Moffitt, T. E., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Stallings, R., … Pardini, D. (2012). Findings from the Pittsburgh Youth Study: Cognitive impulsivity and intelligence as predictors of the age-crime curve. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(11), 1136–1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.0194Google Scholar
Loeber, R., Pardini, D. A., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Raine, A. (2007). Do cognitive, physiological, and psychosocial risk and promotive factors predict desistance from delinquency in males? Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 867–887.Google Scholar
Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Farrington, D. P. (2008). The Pittsburgh Youth Study: Its design, data collection, and early key findings. In Violence and serious theft: Development and prediction from childhood to adulthood (pp. 25–37). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Lorber, M. F. (2004). Psychophysiology of aggression, psychopathy, and conduct problems: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 531–552.Google Scholar
Menown, I. B., Davies, S., Gupta, S., Kalra, P. R., Lang, C. C., Morley, C., & Padmanabhan, S. (2013). Resting heart rate and outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: Where do we currently stand? Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 31(4), 215–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5922.2012.00321.xGoogle Scholar
Miller, G. E., Brody, G. H., Yu, T., & Chen, E. (2014). A family-oriented psychosocial intervention reduces inflammation in low-SES African American youth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(31), 11287–11292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1406578111Google Scholar
Odgers, C. L., Caspi, A., Broadbent, J. M., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., … Moffitt, T. E. (2007). Prediction of differential adult health burden by conduct problem subtypes in males. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(4), 476–484.Google Scholar
Ortiz, J., & Raine, A. (2004). Heart rate level and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(2), 154–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200402000-00010Google Scholar
Paffenbarger, R. S. J., Hyde, R. T., Wing, A. L., Lee, I.-M., Jung, D. L., & Kampert, J. B. (1993). The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. New England Journal of Medicine, 328(8), 538–545.Google Scholar
Portnoy, J., & Farrington, D. P. (2015). Resting heart rate and antisocial behavior: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 22, 33–45.Google Scholar
Portnoy, J., Raine, A., Chen, F. R., Pardini, D., Loeber, R., & Jennings, J. R. (2014). Heart rate and antisocial behavior: The mediating role of impulsive sensation seeking. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 52(2), 292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12038Google Scholar
Raine, A. (2002). Annotation: The role of prefrontal deficits, low autonomic arousal and early health factors in the development of antisocial and aggressive behavior in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(4), 417–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00034Google Scholar
Raine, A. (2015). Low resting heart rate as an unequivocal risk factor for both the perpetration of and exposure to violence. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(10), 962–964.Google Scholar
Raine, A., Dodge, K., Loeber, R., Gatzke-Kopp, L., Lynam, D., Reynolds, C., … Liu, J. (2006). The reactive-proactive aggression questionnaire: Differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent boys. Aggressive Behavior, 32(2), 159–171.Google Scholar
Raine, A., Fung, A. L. C., Portnoy, J., Choy, O., & Spring, V. L. (2014). Low heart rate as a risk factor for child and adolescent proactive aggressive and impulsive psychopathic behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 40(4), 290–299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.21523Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063–1078.Google Scholar
Scheier, M. F., Wrosch, C., Baum, A., Cohen, S., Martire, L. M., Matthews, K. A., … Zdaniuk, B. (2006). The Life Engagement Test: Assessing purpose in life. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(3), 291–298.Google Scholar
Siegler, I. C., Peterson, B. L., Barefoot, J. C., & Williams, R. B. (1992). Hostility during late adolescence predicts coronary risk factors at mid-life. American Journal of Epidemiology, 136(2), 146–154.Google Scholar
Sijtsema, J. J., Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., van Roon, A. M., Vernulst, F. C., Ormel, J., & Riese, H. (2010). Mediation of sensation seeking and behavioral inhibition on the relationship between heart rate and antisocial behavior: The TRAILS study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201005000-00010Google Scholar
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200.Google Scholar
Suarez, E. C., Kuhn, C. M., Schanberg, S. M., Williams, R. B. Jr., & Zimmermann, E. A. (1998). Neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and emotional responses of hostile men: The role of interpersonal challenge. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(1), 78–88.Google Scholar
Suarez, E. C., & Williams, R. B. (1989). Situational determinants of cardiovascular and emotional reactivity in high and low hostile men. Psychosomatic Medicine, 51(4), 404–418.Google Scholar
Suarez, E. C., & Williams, R. B. (1990). The relationships between dimensions of hostility and cardiovascular reactivity as a function of task characteristics. Psychosomatic Medicine, 52(5), 558–570.Google Scholar
Tuvblad, C., Narusyte, J., Grann, M., Sarnecki, J., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011). The genetic and environmental etiology of antisocial behavior from childhood to emerging adulthood. Behavior Genetics, 41(5), 629–640.Google Scholar
Tuvblad, C., Wang, P., Bezdjian, S., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A. (2016). Psychopathic personality development from ages 9 to 18: Genes and environment. Development and Psychopathology, 28(1), 27–44.Google Scholar
Wong, J. M., Sin, N. L., & Whooley, M. A. (2014). A comparison of cook-medley hostility subscales and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: Data from The Heart and Soul Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76(4), 311–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000059Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, D., Joireman, J., Teta, P., & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The Big Three, the Big Five, and the Alternative Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 757–768.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, D., Thornquist, M., & Kiers, H. (1991). Five (or three) robust questionnaire scale factors of personality without culture. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(9), 929–941.Google Scholar