Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T18:25:49.913Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Examining protective factors for substance use problems and self-harm behavior during adolescence: A longitudinal co-twin control study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 August 2022

Lauren O’Reilly ,
Kit K. Elam Open the ORCID record for Kit K. Elam [Opens in a new window] ,
Patrick D. Quinn ,
Sydney Adams ,
Marianne G. Chirica ,
E. David Klonsky ,
Erik Pettersson ,
Sebastian Lundström ,
Henrik Larsson  and
Paul Lichtenstein
...Show all authors
Lauren O’Reilly
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Kit K. Elam
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Patrick D. Quinn
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Sydney Adams
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Marianne G. Chirica
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
E. David Klonsky
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Erik Pettersson
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Sebastian Lundström
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Henrik Larsson
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
Paul Lichtenstein
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Brian D’Onofrio*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
*
Corresponding author: Brian D’Onofrio, email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality are theorized to have protective effects on the developmental emergence of substance use and self-harm behavior in adolescence, but existing research has been mixed. This ambiguity could reflect, in part, the potential for confounding of observed associations by genetic and environmental factors, which previous research has been unable to rigorously rule out. We used data from the prospective, population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (n = 18,234 born 1994–2001) and applied a co-twin control design to account for potential genetic and environmental confounding of sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality (assessed at age 15) as presumed protective factors for adolescent substance use and self-harm behavior (assessed at age 18). While confidence intervals widened to include the null in numerous co-twin control analyses adjusting for childhood psychopathology, parent-reported sports participation and twin-reported positive friendship quality were associated with increased odds of alcohol problems and nicotine use. However, parent-reported sports participation, twin-reported physical activity, and twin-reported friendship quality were associated with decreased odds of self-harm behavior. The findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the risks and benefits of putative protective factors for risky behaviors that emerge during adolescence.

Keywords

adolescenceco-twin controllongitudinalself-harm behaviorsubstance use
Type
Special Issue Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 5: Special Section: Leveraging Genetically Informative Study Designs to Understand the Development and Familial Transmission of Psychopathology , December 2022 , pp. 1781 - 1802
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Academy of Medical Sciences Working Group (2007). Identifying the environmental causes of disease: How should we decide what to believe and when to take action? Academy of Medical Sciences.Google Scholar
Adrian, M., Zeman, J., Erdley, C., Lisa, L., & Sim, L. (2011). Emotional dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties as risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(3), 389–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9465-3 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ağır, M. S. (2019). Factors affecting social exclusion, friendship quality, social competence and emotion management skills and the effect of problem behaviors on related characteristics in adolescents. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(10S), 24–48.Google Scholar
Allen, J. P., Schad, M. M., Oudekerk, B., & Chango, J. (2014). What ever happened to the “cool” kids? Long-term sequelae of early adolescent pseudomature behavior. Child Development, 85(5), 1866–1880. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12250 Google Scholar
Allison, P. D. (2009). Fixed effects regression models. Washington, DC: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Althoff, R. R., Hudziak, J. J., Willemsen, G., Hudziak, V., Bartels, M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2012). Genetic and environmental contributions to self-reported thoughts of self-harm and suicide. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 159(1), 120–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anckarsäter, H., Lundström, S., Kollberg, L., Kerekes, N., Palm, C., Carlström, E., Långström, N., Magnusson, P. K., Halldner, L., Bölte, S., Gillberg, C., Gumpert, C., Råstam, M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011). The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). Twin Research, 14(6), 495–508.Google ScholarPubMed
Anderson, R. N., Miniño, A. M., Hoyert, D. L., & Rosenberg, H. M. (2001). Comparability of cause of death between ICD-9 and ICD-10: Preliminary estimates. National Vital Statistics Report, 18(2), 1–32.Google Scholar
Babiss, L. A., & Gangwisch, J. E. (2009). Sports participation as a protective factor against depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents as mediated by self-esteem and social support. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 30(5), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181b33659 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biddle, S. J. H., Ciaccioni, S., Thomas, G., & Vergeer, I. (2019). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: An updated review of reviews and an analysis of causality. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohnert, A. S. B., McCarthy, J. F., Ignacio, R. V., Ilgen, M. A., Eisenberg, A., & Blow, F. C. (2013). Misclassification of suicide deaths: Examining the psychiatric history of overdose decedents. Injury Prevention, 19(5), 326. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040631 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boone, S. D., & Brausch, A. M. (2016). Physical activity, exercise motivations, depression, and nonsuicidal self-injury in youth. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(5), 625–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12240 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brellenthin, A. G., & Lee, D. C. (2018). Physical activity and the development of substance use disroders: Current knowledge and future directions. Progress in Preventive Medicine (New York), 3(3), e0018. https://doi.org/10.1097/pp9.0000000000000018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosnahan, J., Steffen, L. M., Lytle, L., Patterson, J., & Boostrom, A. (2004). The relation between physical activity and mental health among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 158(8), 818–823. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.8.818 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campos, A. I., Verweij, K. J., Statham, D. J., Madden, P. A., Maciejewski, D. F., Davis, K. A., Hotopf, J. A., Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., & Rentería, M. E. (2020). Genetic aetiology of self-harm ideation and behaviour. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2002). A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 6–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coulton, S., Alam, M. F., Boniface, S., Deluca, P., Donoghue, K., Gilvarry, E., Kaner, E., Lynch, E., Maconochie, I., McArdle, P., & McGovern, R. (2019). Opportunistic screening for alcohol use problems in adolescents attending emergency departments: An evaluation of screening tools. Journal of Public Health, 41(1), e53–e60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Onofrio, B. M., Lahey, B. B., Turkheimer, E., & Lichtenstein, P. (2013). Critical need for family-based, quasi-experimental designs in integrating genetic and social science research. American Journal of Public Health, 103(S1), S46–S55. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301252 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Onofrio, B. M., Sjölander, A., Lahey, B. B., Lichtenstein, P., & Öberg, A. S. (2020). Accounting for confounding in observational studies. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045030 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daeppen, J. B., Yersin, B., Landry, U., Pécoud, A., & Decrey, H. (2000). Reliability and validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) imbedded within a general health risk screening questionnaire: Results of a survey in 332 primary care patients. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(5), 659–665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elam, K. K., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Chassin, L. (accepted – in press). A gene-environment cascade thereotical framework of developmental psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.Google Scholar
Felez-Nobrega, M., Haro, J. M., Vancampfort, D., & Koyanagi, A. (2020). Sex difference in the association between physical activity and suicide attempts among adolescents from 48 countries: A global perspective. Journal of Affective Disorders, 266, 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.147 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forster, M., Grigsby, T. J., Bunyan, A., Unger, J. B., & Valente, T. W. (2015). The protective role of school friendship ties for substance use and aggressive behaviors among middle school students. Journal of School Health, 85(2), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12230 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frisell, T. (2021). Invited commentary: Sibling-comparison designs, are they worth the effort? American Journal of Epidemiology, 190(5), 738–741. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa183 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagman, B. T. (2016). Performance of the AUDIT in detecting DSM-5 alcohol use disorders in college students. Substance Use & Misuse, 51(11), 1521–1528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heron, M. (2019). Deaths: Leading causes for 2017. National Vital Statistics Reports, 68(6), 1–77.Google ScholarPubMed
Hildebrand, M. (2015). The psychometric properties of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT): A review of recent research. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 53(Suppl. 20), 52–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, J., Emery, R. E., Harden, K. P., Mendle, J., & Turkheimer, E. (2008). Alcohol use in adolescent twins and affiliation with substance using peers [Press release]. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 81–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huque, M. H., Carlin, J. B., Simpson, J. A., & Lee, K. J. (2018). A comparison of multiple imputation methods for missing data in longitudinal studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0615-6 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z., Demissie, Z., Crosby, A. E., Stone, D. M., Gaylor, E., Wilkins, N., Lowry, R., & Brown, M. (2020). Suicidal ideation and behaviors among high school students—Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019. MMWR Supplements, 69(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su6901a6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, S. E., Ethier, K. A., Hertz, M., DeGue, S., Le, V. D., Thornton, J., Lim, C., Dittus, P. J., & Geda, S. (2022). Mental health, suicidality, and connectedness among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic — Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, January–June 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(3), 16–21.Google ScholarPubMed
Källmén, H., Berman, A. H., Jayaram-Lindström, N., Hammarberg, A., & Elgán, T. H. (2019). Psychometric properties of the AUDIT, AUDIT-C, CRAFFT and ASSIST-Y among Swedish adolescents. European Addiction Research, 25(2), 68–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Källmén, H., Elgán, T. H., Wennberg, P., & Berman, A. H. (2019). Concurrent validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in relation to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity levels according to the brief DSM-5 AUD diagnostic assessment screener. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 73(7), 397–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, S. M., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2004). Childhood externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in the prediction of early substance use. Addiction, 99(12), 1548–1559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Saffer, B. Y. (2016). Suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 307–330. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093204 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Korhonen, T., Kujala, U. M., Rose, R. J., & Kaprio, J. (2009). Physical activity in adolescence as a predictor of alcohol and illicit drug use in early adulthood: A longitudinal population-based twin study. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 12(3), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.12.3.261 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kujala, U. M., Kaprio, J., & Rose, R. J. (2007). Physical activity in adolescence and smoking in young adulthood: A prospective twin cohort study. Addiction, 102(7), 1151–1157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01858.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwan, M., Bobko, S., Faulkner, G., Donnelly, P., & Cairney, J. (2014). Sport participation and alcohol and illicit drug use in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Addictive Behaviors, 39(3), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsson, H. (2021). The importance of selection bias in prospective birth cohort studies. JCPP Advances, 1(3), e12043. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12043 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, K. J., & Carlin, J. B. (2010). Multiple imputation for missing data: Fully conditional specification versus multivariate normal imputation. American Journal of Epidemiology, 171(5), 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp425 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, Y., & De, A. (2015). Multiple imputation by fully conditional specification for dealing with missing data in a large epidemiologic study. International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research, 4, 287–295. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2015.04.03.7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGue, M., Osler, M., & Christensen, K. (2010). Causal inference and observational research: The utility of twins. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(5), 546–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610383511 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meisel, S. N., & Colder, C. R. (2019). Dyadic and group-level positive friendship characteristics and susceptibility to perceived delinquent peer substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(4), 477–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618770798 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michael, S. L., Lowry, R., Merlo, C., Cooper, A. C., Hyde, E. T., & McKeon, R. (2020). Physical activity, sedentary, and dietary behaviors associated with indicators of mental health and suicide risk. Preventive Medicine Reports, 19, 101153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101153 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mrug, S., Molina, B. S. G., Hoza, B., Gerdes, A. C., Hinshaw, S. P., Hechtman, L., & Arnold, L. E. (2012). Peer rejection and friendships in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Contributions to long-term outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(6), 1013–1026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9610-2 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mueller, N. E., Duffy, M. E., Stewart, R. A., Joiner, T. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2022). Quality over quantity? The role of social contact frequency and closeness in suicidal ideation and attempt. Journal of Affective Disorders, 298(26), 248–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Board of Health and Welfare (2009). Quality and Content in the Patient Register - Inpatient care discharges 1964-2007 and outpatient (specialized care) visits 1997-2007 [in Swedish](2009-125-15). National Board of Health and Welfare.Google Scholar
Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S. (2012). The epidemiology of suicide and suicidal behavior. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nock, M. K., Green, J., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K., Sampson, N., Zaslavsky, A., & Kessler, R. (2013). Prevalence, correlates, and treatment of lifetime suicidal behavior among adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(3), 300–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Reilly, L. M., Pettersson, E., Donahue, K., Quinn, P. D., Klonsky, E. D., Lundström, S., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., & D’Onofrio, B. M. (2021). Sexual orientation and adolescent suicide attempt and self-harm: A co-twin control study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(7), 834–841. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13325 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Reilly, L. M., Pettersson, E., Quinn, P. D., Klonsky, E. D., Lundström, S., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., & D’Onofrio, B. M. (2020). The association between general childhood psychopathology and adolescent suicide attempt and self-harm: A prospective, population-based twin study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(4), 364–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oberste, M., Medele, M., Javelle, F., Lioba Wunram, H., Walter, D., Bloch, W., Bender, S., Fricke, O., Joisten, N., Walzik, D., & Grossheinrich, N. (2020). Physical activity for the treatment of adolescent depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 185–185. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00185 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osgood, D. W., Feinberg, M. E., Wallace, L. N., & Moody, J. (2014). Friendship group position and substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 39(5), 923–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.009 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., & Loehlin, J. C. (1977). Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 84(2), 309–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pompili, M., Serafini, G., Innamorati, M., Biondi, M., Siracusano, A., Di Giannantonio, M., Giupponi, G., Amore, M., Lester, D., Girardi, P, & Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2012). Substance abuse and suicide risk among adolescents. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 262(6), 469–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-012-0292-0 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poudel, A., & Gautam, S. (2017). Age of onset of substance use and psychosocial problems among individuals with substance use disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1191-0 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulin, F., Dishion, T. J., & Haas, E. (1999). The peer influence paradox: Friendship quality and deviancy training within male adolescent friendships. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45(1), 42–61.Google Scholar
Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., Spirito, A., Little, T. D., & Grapentine, W. L. (2000). Peer functioning, family dysfunction, and psychological symptoms in a risk factor model for adolescent inpatients' suicidal ideation severity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(3), 392–405. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2903_10 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prom-Wormley, E. C., Ebejer, J., Dick, D. M., & Bowers, M. S. (2017). The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 180, 241–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.040 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reinert, D. F., & Allen, J. P. (2007). The alcohol use disorders identification test: An update of research findings. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(2), 185–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reiss, D., & Leve, L. D. (2007). Genetic expression outside the skin: Clues to mechanisms of Genotype × Environment interaction. Development and Psychopathology, 19(4), 1005–1027. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579407000508 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richmond-Rakerd, L. S., Slutske, W. S., & Wood, P. K. (2017). Age of initiation and substance use progression: A multivariate latent growth analysis. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(6), 664–675. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000304 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (2000). Psychosocial influences: Critiques, findings, and research needs. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400003072 Google ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Murray, R., & Eaves, L. (2001). Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 291–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.291 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scherrer, J. F., Xian, H., Pan, H., Pergadia, M. L., Madden, P. A., Grant, J. D., Sartor, C. E., Haber, J. R., Jacob, T., & Bucholz, K. K. (2012). Parent, sibling and peer influences on smoking initiation, regular smoking and nicotine dependence. Results from a genetically informative design. Addictive Behaviors, 37(3), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.005 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulenberg, J., Johnston, L., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J., Miech, R., & Patrick, M. (2020). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2019: Volume II, college students and adults ages 19-60. Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Shadur, J. M., & Hussong, A. M. (2014). Friendship intimacy, close friend drug use, and self-medication in adolescence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(8), 997–1018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513516889 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shedler, J., & Block, J. (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist, 45(5), 612–630. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.45.5.612 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sloboda, Z., Glantz, M. D., & Tarter, R. E. (2012). Revisiting the concepts of risk and protective factors for understanding the etiology and development of substance use and substance use disorders: Implications for prevention. Substance Use & Misuse, 47(8-9), 944–962. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2012.663280 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephenson, M., Barr, P., Aliev, F., Ksinan, A., Latvala, A., Vuoksimaa, E., Viken, R., Rose, R. J., Kaprio, J., Dick, D., & Salvatore, J. E. (2021). Predicting alcohol dependence symptoms by young adulthood: A co-twin comparisons study. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 24(4), 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2021.36 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stickley, A., Koyanagi, A., Koposov, R., Schwab-Stone, M., & Ruchkin, V. (2014). Loneliness and health risk behaviours among Russian and U.S. adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 366. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-366 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ströhle, A., Höfler, M., Pfister, H., Müller, A.-G., Hoyer, J., Wittchen, H.-U., & Lieb, R. (2007). Physical activity and prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in adolescents and young adults. Psychological Medicine, 37(11), 1657–1666. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170700089x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suetani, S., Mamun, A., Williams, G. M., Najman, J. M., McGrath, J. J., & Scott, J. G. (2017). The association between adolescent psychopathology and subsequent physical activity in young adulthood: A 21-year birth cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 48(2), 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001660 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taliaferro, L. A., Eisenberg Marla, E., Johnson Karen, E., Nelson Toben, F., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2011). Sport participation during adolescence and suicide ideation and attempts. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 23(1), 114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taliaferro, L. A., Rienzo, B. A., Miller, M. D., Pigg, R. M. Jr., & Dodd, V. J. (2008). High school youth and suicide risk: Exploring protection afforded through physical activity and sport participation. Journal of School Health, 78(10), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00342.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taliaferro, L. A., Rienzo, B. A., Pigg, R. M., Miller, M. D., & Dodd, V. J. (2009). Associations between physical activity and reduced rates of hopelessness, depression, and suicidal behavior among college students. Journal of American College Health, 57(4), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.3200/jach.57.4.427-436 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teneyck, M., & Barnes, J. C. (2015). Examining the impact of peer group selection on self-reported delinquency. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(7), 741–762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854814563068 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terry-Mcelrath, Y. M., & O’Malley, P. M. (2011). Substance use and exercise participation among young adults: Parallel trajectories in a national cohort-sequential study. Addiction, 106(10), 1855–1865. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03489.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomori, M., & Zalar, B. (2000). Sport and physical activity as possible protective factors in relation to adolescent suicide attempts. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(3), 405–413.Google Scholar
Trucco, E. M. (2020). A review of psychosocial factors linked to adolescent substance use. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 196, 172969–172969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172969 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uddin, R., Burton, N. W., Maple, M., Khan, S. R., Tremblay, M. S., & Khan, A. (2020). Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour are associated with adolescents' suicidal vulnerability: Evidence from 52 low- and middle-income countries. Acta Paediatrica, 109(6), 1252–1259. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15079 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Buuren, S. (2007). Multiple imputation of discrete and continuous data by fully conditional specification. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 16(3), 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280206074463 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Meter, A. R., Paksarian, D., & Merikangas, K. R. (2019). Social functioning and suicide risk in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(2), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1528549 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Ryzin, M. J., & Dishion, T. J. (2014). Adolescent deviant peer clustering as an amplifying mechanism underlying the progression from early substance use to late adolescent dependence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(10), 1153–1161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12211 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Ryzin, M. J., Fosco, G. M., & Dishion, T. J. (2012). Family and peer predictors of substance use from early adolescence to early adulthood: An 11-year prospective analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 37(12), 1314–1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.020 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vancampfort, D., Hallgren, M., Firth, J., Rosenbaum, S., Schuch, F. B., Mugisha, J., Probst, M., Van Damme, T., Carvalho, A. F., & Stubbs, B. (2018). Physical activity and suicidal ideation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.070 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walkup, J. T., Townsend, L., Crystal, S., & Olfson, M. (2012). A systematic review of validated methods for identifying suicide or suicidal ideation using administrative or claims data. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 21(S1), 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2335 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wamboldt, M. Z., Wamboldt, F. S., Gavin, L., & McTaggart, S. (2001). A parent-child relationship scale derived from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(8), 945–953.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
West, A. B., Bittel, K. M., Russell, M. A., Evans, M. B., Mama, S. K., & Conroy, D. E. (2020). A systematic review of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and substance use in adolescents and emerging adults. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 10(5), 1155–1167. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa008 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westfall, J., & Yarkoni, T. (2016). Statistically controlling for confounding constructs is harder than you think. PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0152719. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152719 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winterrowd, E. (2010). Friendship problems and suicidality in Mexican-American and European-American adolescents: A longitudinal analysis [Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation]. Colorado State University. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.Google Scholar
Winterrowd, E., & Canetto, S. S. (2013). The long-lasting impact of adolescents’ deviant friends on suicidality: A 3-year follow-up perspective. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology: The International Journal for Research in Social and Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health Services, 48(2), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0529-2 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zettergren, P., Bergman, L. R., & Wångby, M. (2006). Girls’ stable peer status and their adulthood adjustment: A longitudinal study from age 10 to age 43. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(4), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025406072793 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zullig, K. J. (2016). The association between deliberate self-harm and college student subjective quality of life. American Journal of Health Behavior, 40(2), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.40.2.8 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed