Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:39:05.191Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emotion regulation deficits mediate childhood sexual abuse effects on stress sensitization and depression outcomes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2020

Ilya Yaroslavsky Open the ORCID record for Ilya Yaroslavsky [Opens in a new window] ,
Angela H. Bush  and
Christopher M. France
Ilya Yaroslavsky*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Angela H. Bush
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Christopher M. France
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Ilya Yaroslavsky, Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH44115, USA; E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a notable risk factor for depressive disorders. Though multiply determined, increased sensitivity to stress (stress sensitization) and difficulty managing distress (emotion regulation) may reflect two pathways by which CSA confers depression risk. However, it remains unclear whether stress sensitization and emotion regulation deficits contribute to depression risk independently or in a sequential manner. That is, the frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation responses and insufficient use of those that attenuate distress (adaptive emotion regulation) may lead to stress sensitization. We tested competing models of CSA, stress sensitization, and emotion regulation to predict depression symptoms and depressive affects in daily life among adults with and without histories of CSA. Results supported a sequential mediation: CSA predicted greater maladaptive repertoires that, in turn, exacerbated the effects of stress on depression symptoms. Maladaptive responses also exacerbated the effects of daily life stress on contemporaneous negative affect (NA) levels and their increase over time. Independent of stress sensitization, emotion regulation deficits also mediated CSA effects on both depressive outcomes, though the effect of maladaptive strategies was specific to NA, and adaptive responses to positive affect. Our findings suggest that emotion regulation deficits and stress sensitization play key intervening roles between CSA and risk for depression.

Keywords

childhood sexual abusedepressionecological momentary assessmentemotion regulationstress
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 157 - 170
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

I. Yaroslavsky and A. H. Bush contributed equally to this work.

References

Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217–237. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aldao, A., Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation flexibility. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39, 263–278. doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9662-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Algina, J., & Swaminathan, H. (2011). Centering in two-level nested designs. In Hox, J. J. & Roberts, J. K. (Eds.), European association for methodology series. Handbook for advanced multilevel analysis (pp. 285–312). New York, NY, USA: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Andersen, S. L., & Teicher, M. H. (2008). Stress, sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescent depression. Trends in Neurosciences, 31, 183–191. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.01.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baji, I., Lopez-Duran, N. L., Kovacs, M., George, C. J., Mayer, L., Kapornai, K., … Vetró, Á. (2009). Age and sex analyses of somatic complaints and symptom presentation of childhood depression in a Hungarian clinical sample. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70, 1467–1472. doi:10.4088/JCP.08m04918CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandoli, G., Campbell-Sills, L., Kessler, R. C., Heeringa, S. G., Nock, M. K., Rosellini, A. J., … Stein, M. B. (2017). Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: A test of the stress sensitization hypothesis. Psychological Medicine, 47, 2379–2392. doi:10.1017/S0033291717001064CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blalock, D. V., Kashdan, T. B., & Farmer, A. S. (2016). Trait and daily emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 416–425. doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9739-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2007). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 1101–1114. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.022CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brans, K., Koval, P., Verduyn, P., Lim, Y. L., & Kuppens, P. (2013). The regulation of negative and positive affect in daily life. Emotion, 13, 926–939. doi:10.1037/a0032400CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brockman, R., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., & Kashdan, T. (2017). Emotion regulation strategies in daily life: Mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 46, 91–113. doi:10.1080/16506073.2016.1218926CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G., & Smailes, E. M. (1999). Childhood abuse and neglect: Specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1490–1496. doi:10.1097/00004583-199912000-00009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho Fernando, S., Beblo, T., Schlosser, N., Terfehr, K., Otte, C., Löwe, B., … Wingenfeld, K. (2014). The impact of self-reported childhood trauma on emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder and major depression. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15, 384–401. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.863262CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, C., Kaczkurkin, A. N., McLean, C. P., & Foa, E. B. (2018). Emotion regulation is associated with PTSD and depression among female adolescent survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 10, 319–326. doi:10.1037/tra0000306CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaudhury, S. R., Galfalvy, H., Biggs, E., Choo, T., Mann, J. J., & Stanley, B. (2017). Affect in response to stressors and coping strategies: An ecological momentary assessment study of borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 4, 1–9. doi:10.1186/s40479-017-0059-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chida, Y., & Hamer, M. (2008). Chronic psychosocial factors and acute physiological responses to laboratory-induced stress in healthy populations: A quantitative review of 30 years of investigations. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 829–885. doi:10.1037/a0013342CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D., & Dawson, G. (2002). Multiple levels of analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 417–420. doi:10.1017/S0954579402003012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316–336. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.316CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clemmons, J. C., Walsh, K., Dilillo, D. K., & Messman-moore, T. L. (2007). Unique and combined contributions of multiple child abuse types and abuse severity to adult trauma symptomatology. Child Maltreatment, 12, 172–181. doi:10.1177/1077559506298248CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Google Scholar
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396. doi:10.2307/2136404CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Courvoisier, D. S., Eid, M., & Lischetzke, T. (2012). Compliance to a cell phone-based ecological momentary assessment study: The effect of time and personality characteristics. Psychological Assessment, 24, 713–720. doi:10.1037/a0026733CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deater-Deckard, K., Li, M., & Bell, M. A. (2016). Multifaceted emotion regulation, stress and affect in mothers of young children. Cognition and Emotion, 30, 444–457. doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1013087CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dililio, D., & Long, P. J. (1999). Perceptions of couple functioning among female survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 7(4), 59–76.10.1300/J070v07n04_05CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Miller, A. B., Giletta, M., Hastings, P. D., Rudolph, K. D., Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018). HPA axis response and psychosocial stress as interactive predictors of suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescent females: A multilevel diathesis-stress framework. Neuropsychopharmacology, 43, 2564–2571. doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0206-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. Structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12, 121–138. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esposito, C. L., & Clum, G. A. (2002). Social support and problem-solving as moderators of the relationship between childhood abuse and suicidality: Applications to a delinquent population. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 15, 137–146. doi:10.1023/A:1014860024980CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Extremera, N., & Rey, L. (2015). The moderator role of emotion regulation ability in the link between stress and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1632–1640. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01632CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Lynskey, M. T. (1996). Childhood sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood: II. Psychiatric outcomes of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1365–1374. doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I., & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 14, 19–28. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90077-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime and abuse: Results from the national survey of children's exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatrics, 169, 746–754. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. (1994). Structured clinical interview for Axis I DSM-IV disorders. New York: Biometrics Research.Google Scholar
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373, 68–81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gladstone, G. L., Parker, G. B., Mitchell, P. B., Malhi, G. S., Wilhelm, K., & Austin, M. P. (2004). Implications of childhood trauma for depressed women: An analysis of pathways from childhood sexual abuse to deliberate self-harm and revictimization. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1417–1425. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1417CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glaser, J. P., Van Os, J., Portegijs, P. J., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2006). Childhood trauma and emotional reactivity to daily life stress in adult frequent attenders of general practitioners. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 229–236. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodyer, I., Herbert, J., Tamplin, A., & Altham, P. (2000). Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 499–504. doi:10.1192/bjp.177.6.499CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, S., & Rarick, S. (2018). Exploring gender and Racial/Ethnic differences in the effects of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27, 570–587. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1484403CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammen, C. (2005). Stress and depression. Annual Review Clinical Psychology, 1, 293–319. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hankin, B. L. (2008). Stability of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression: A short-term prospective multiwave study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 324–333. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.324CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Heit, S., Graham, Y. P., Wilcox, M., Bonsall, R., … Nemeroff, C. B. (2000). Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. JAMA, 284, 592–597. doi:10.1001/jama.284.5.592CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heleniak, C., Jenness, J. L., Vander Stoep, A., McCauley, E., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Childhood maltreatment exposure and disruptions in emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic pathway to adolescent internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 394–415. doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9735-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henckens, M. J. A. G., Klumpers, F., Everaerd, D., Kooijman, S. C., van Wingen, G. A., & Fernández, G. (2016). Interindividual differences in stress sensitivity: Basal and stress-induced cortisol levels differentially predict neural vigilance processing under stress. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11, 663–673. doi:10.1093/scan/nsv149CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofmann, W., & Patel, P. V. (2015). SurveySignal: A convenient solution for experience sampling research using participants’ own smartphones. Social Science Computer Review, 33, 235–253. doi:10.1177/0894439314525117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humbel, N., Messerli-Bürgy, N., Schuck, K., Wyssen, A., Garcia-Burgos, D., Biedert, E., … Milos, G. (2018). Self-reported emotion regulation difficulties are associated with mood but not with the biological stress response to thin ideal exposure. PLoS One, 13, e0199769. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199769CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyman, S. M., Paliwal, P., & Sinha, R. (2007). Childhood maltreatment, perceived stress, and stress-related coping in recently abstinent cocaine dependent adults. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 233–238. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.21.2.233CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
John, S. G., Cisler, J. M., & Sigel, B. A. (2017). Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between a history of child abuse and current PTSD/depression severity in adolescent females. Journal of Family Violence, 32(6), 565–575.10.1007/s10896-017-9914-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 281–298. doi:10.1080/02699930903407948CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joormann, J., Siemer, M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007). Mood regulation in depression: Differential effects of distraction and recall of happy memories on sad mood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 484–490. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.116.3.484CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Just, N., & Alloy, L. B. (1997). The response styles theory of depression tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 221–229. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.106.2.221CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplow, J. B., & Widom, C. S. (2007). Age of onset of child maltreatment predicts long-term mental health outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 176–187. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.116.1.176CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, D., & Fontes, L. A. (2017). Twice Silenced: The underreporting of child sexual abuse in orthodox Jewish communities. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26, 752–767. doi:10.1080/10538712.2017.1336505CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, M. M., Tyrka, A. R., Anderson, G. M., Price, L. H., & Carpenter, L. L. (2008). Sex differences in emotional and physiological responses to the trier social stress test. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 87–98. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.02.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C. (1997). The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 191–214. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.191CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim-Spoon, J., Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2013). A longitudinal study of emotion regulation, emotion lability-negativity, and internalizing symptomatology in maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Child Development, 84, 512–527. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01857.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 706–716. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klanecky, A. K., Woolman, E. O., & Becker, M. M. (2015). Child abuse exposure, emotion regulation, and drinking refusal self-efficacy: An analysis of problem drinking in college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 41, 188–196. doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.998365CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M., & Lopez-Duran, N. (2010). Prodromal symptoms and atypical affectivity as predictors of major depression in juveniles: Implications for prevention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 472–496. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02230.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M., Lopez-Duran, N. L., George, C., Mayer, L., Baji, L., Kiss, E., … Kapornai, K. (2019). The development of mood repair response repertories: I. Age-related changes among 7-to 14-year-old depressed and control children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 1–10.Google ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M., Rottenberg, J., & George, C. (2009). Maladaptive mood repair responses distinguish young adults with early-onset depressive disorders and predict future depression outcomes. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1841–1854. doi:10.1017/S0033291709005789CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M., & Yaroslavsky, I. (2014). Practitioner review: Dysphoria and its regulation in child and adolescent depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 55, 741–757. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12172CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M., Yaroslavsky, I., Rottenberg, J., George, C. J., Kiss, E., Halas, K., … Makai, A. (2016). Maladaptive mood repair, atypical respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and risk of a recurrent major depressive episode among adolescents with prior major depression. Psychological Medicine, 46, 2109–2119. doi:10.1017/S003329171600057XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kudielka, B. M., & Kirschbaum, C. (2005). Sex differences in HPA axis responses to stress: A review. Biological Psychology, 69, 113–132. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1998). Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 18(7), 765–794.10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00010-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindert, J., von Ehrenstein, O. S., Grashow, R., Gal, G., Braehler, E., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2014). Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: Systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 59, 359–372. doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0519-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 434–445. doi:10.1038/nrn2639CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luthar, S. S., & Zigler, E. (1991). Vulnerability and competence: A review of research on resilience in childhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 6–22. doi:10.1037/h0079218CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, K. A., Conron, K. J., Koenen, K. C., & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder: A test of the stress-sensitization hypothesis in a population-based sample of adults. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1647–1658. doi:10.1017/S0033291709992121CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehl, M. R., & Conner, T. S. (2012). Handbook of research methods for studying daily life. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Merrick, M. T., Ford, D. C., Ports, K. A., & Guinn, A. S. (2018). Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences from the 2011–2014 behavioral risk factor surveillance system in 23 states. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(11), 1038–1044. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2537CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monroe, S. M., & Harkness, K. L. (2005). Life stress, the” kindling” hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: Considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychological Review, 112, 417–445. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.112.2.417CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, M. C., Ciesla, J. A., & Garber, J. (2010). A prospective study of stress autonomy versus stress-sensitization in adolescents at varied risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 341–354. doi:10.1037/a0019036CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, L. K., Nguyen, A., & Cohen, J. A. (2014). Child sexual abuse. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 23, 321–337. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nezlek, J. B., & Kuppens, P. (2008). Regulating positive and negative emotions in daily life. Journal of Personality, 76, 561–580. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00496.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 504–511. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.504CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Mahen, H. A., Karl, A., Moberly, N., & Fedock, G. (2015). The association between childhood maltreatment and emotion regulation: Two different mechanisms contributing to depression? Journal of Affective Disorders, 174, 287–295. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.028CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preacher, K. J. (2018). Personal communication.Google Scholar
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185–227. doi:10.1080/00273170701341316CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, T. N., Tillyer, M. S., & Wright, E. M. (2017). Intimate partner violence and the overlap of perpetration and victimization: Considering the influence of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse in childhood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 67, 240–248. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, C. M. (2017). Emotion regulation in the context of daily stress: Impact on daily affect. Personality and Individual Differences, 112, 150–156. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.058CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruggiero, K. J., McLeer, S. V., & Dixon, J. F. (2000). Sexual abuse characteristics associated with survivor psychopathology. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 951–964. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00144-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Séguin-Lemire, A., Hébert, M., Cossette, L., & Langevin, R. (2017). A longitudinal study of emotion regulation among sexually abused preschoolers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 307–316. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.027CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simonich, H., Wonderlich, S., Crosby, R., Smyth, J. M., Thompson, K., Redlin, J., … Haseltine, B. (2004). The use of ecological momentary assessment approaches in the study of sexually abused children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 803–809. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152968.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sliwinski, M. J., Almeida, D. M., Stawski, R. S., & Smyth, J. (2009). Intraindividual change and variability in daily stress processes: Findings from two measurement-burst diary studies. Psychology and Aging, 24, 828–840. doi:10.1037/a0017925CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, J. D., Joiner, T. E., Pettit, J. W., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2008). Implications of the DSM's emphasis on sadness and anhedonia in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 159, 25–30. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.05.010Google Scholar
Stoltenborgh, M., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16, 79–101. doi:10.1177/1077559511403920CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thakkar, R. R., & McCanne, T. R. (2000). The effects of daily stressors on physical health in women with and without a childhood history of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 209–221. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00129-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, R. A. (2011). Emotion and emotion regulation: Two sides of the developing coin. Emotion Review, 3, 53–61. doi:10.1177/1754073910380969CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tofighi, D., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2011). RMediation: An R package for mediation analysis confidence intervals. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 692–700. doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0076-xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tofighi, D., & Thoemmes, F. (2014). Single-level and multilevel mediation analysis. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34, 93–119. doi:10.1177/0272431613511331CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troy, A. S., & Mauss, I. B. (2011). Resilience in the face of stress: Emotion regulation as a protective factor. Resilience and Mental Health: Challenges Across the Lifespan, 1, 30–44. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511994791.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troy, A. S., Wilhelm, F. H., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2010). Seeing the silver lining: Cognitive reappraisal ability moderates the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. Emotion, 10, 783–795. doi:10.1037/a0020262CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, S., Taillieu, T., Cheung, K., & Afifi, T. O. (2017). The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and mental health outcomes among males: Results from a nationally representative United States sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 66, 64–72. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ullman, S. E., Peter-Hagene, L. C., & Relyea, M. (2014). Coping, emotion regulation, and self-blame as mediators of sexual abuse and psychological symptoms in adult sexual assault. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23, 74–93. doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.864747CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., & Herman, J. P. (2009). Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 397–409. doi:10.1038/nrn2647CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Eck, M. M., & Nicolson, N. A. (1994). Perceived stress and salivary cortisol in daily life. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 221–227.Google Scholar
Visted, E., Vøllestad, J., Nielsen, M. B., & Schanche, E. (2018). Emotion regulation in current and remitted depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 756–765. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00756CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 775–808. doi:10.1037/a0027600CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weltz, S. M., Armeli, S., Ford, J. D., & Tennen, H. (2016). A daily process examination of the relationship between childhood trauma and stress-reactivity. Child Abuse & Neglect, 60, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.08.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention, 29–31 March 1999, WHO, Geneva (No. WHO/HSC/PVI/99.1). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Yaroslavsky, I., Bylsma, L. M., Rottenberg, J., & Kovacs, M. (2013). Combinations of resting RSA and RSA reactivity impact maladaptive mood repair and depression symptoms. Biological Psychology, 94, 272–81. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.06.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Yaroslavsky et al. supplementary material

Yaroslavsky et al. supplementary material

Download Yaroslavsky et al. supplementary material(File)
File 19.7 KB