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Dyadic synchrony and repair processes are related to preschool children's risk exposure and self-control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2020

Carolyn M. Scholtes Open the ORCID record for Carolyn M. Scholtes [Opens in a new window] ,
Emma R. Lyons Open the ORCID record for Emma R. Lyons [Opens in a new window]  and
Elizabeth A. Skowron Open the ORCID record for Elizabeth A. Skowron [Opens in a new window]
Carolyn M. Scholtes
Affiliation:
Department of Counseling Psychology & Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Emma R. Lyons
Affiliation:
Department of Counseling Psychology & Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Elizabeth A. Skowron*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Elizabeth A. Skowron, Department of Psychology, 437 Straub Hall, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR97403; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

We examined associations between preschool children's cumulative risk exposure, dyadic interaction patterns, and self-control abilities in 238 mother–child dyads. Positive interactive synchrony, relationship ruptures, and latency to repair were micro-coded during a 3–5 minute joint challenge task. Children's self-control was assessed via two laboratory tasks and by parent report. Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses were utilized to examine the direct and indirect effects of cumulative risk on children's observed and parent-reported self-control abilities. Parent–child interactive processes of dyadic synchrony and latency to repair ruptures in synchrony were examined as mediators. Dyadic synchrony and latency to repair ruptures were found to mediate associations between cumulative risk exposure and children's behavioral and parent-reported self-control. Children exposed to more cumulative risk engaged in less dyadic synchrony and experienced longer latencies to repair ruptures with their caregiver, which in turn was associated with lower child self-control. Though cross-sectional, findings suggest dyadic synchrony and repair processes may represent viable mechanistic pathways linking cumulative risk exposure and deficits in child self-control. However, independent replications using longitudinal and experimental intervention designs are needed to determine causal pathways and inform new approaches for targeting the effects of early risk exposure through a focus on two-generational interventions.

Keywords

cumulative riskdyadic synchronyparent–child interactionrupture-repairself-control
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , August 2021 , pp. 1072 - 1084
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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