Hostname: page-component-5cf477f64f-bmd9x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-29T09:09:45.327Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Culture and psychopathology: An attempt at reconsidering the role of social learning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2021

Peter Fonagy Open the ORCID record for Peter Fonagy [Opens in a new window] ,
Chloe Campbell ,
Matthew Constantinou ,
Anna Higgitt ,
Elizabeth Allison  and
Patrick Luyten
Peter Fonagy*
Affiliation:
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
Chloe Campbell
Affiliation:
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
Matthew Constantinou
Affiliation:
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
Anna Higgitt
Affiliation:
Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Elizabeth Allison
Affiliation:
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
Patrick Luyten
Affiliation:
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
*
Author for Correspondence: Peter Fonagy, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, UCL, 26 Bedford Way, LondonWC1H 0AP, UK; E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper proposes a model for developmental psychopathology that is informed by recent research suggestive of a single model of mental health disorder (the p factor) and seeks to integrate the role of the wider social and cultural environment into our model, which has previously been more narrowly focused on the role of the immediate caregiving context. Informed by recently emerging thinking on the social and culturally driven nature of human cognitive development, the ways in which humans are primed to learn and communicate culture, and a mentalizing perspective on the highly intersubjective nature of our capacity for affect regulation and social functioning, we set out a cultural-developmental approach to psychopathology.

Keywords

culturepsychopathologyepistemic trustjoint attentionmentalizingsocial cognition
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , October 2022 , pp. 1205 - 1220
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alnæs, D., Kaufmann, T., Doan, N. T., Córdova-Palomera, A., Wang, Y., Bettella, F., … Westlye, L. T. (2017). Heritable cognitive and psychopathology factors in youth are predicted by brain fronto-temporal white matter pathway. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/172080Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Asen, E., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Mentalization-based therapeutic interventions for families. Journal of Family Therapy, 34, 347–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asen, E., & Fonagy, P. (2017). Mentalizing family violence part 1: Conceptual framework. Family Process, 56, 6–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2013). Impact of clinical severity on outcomes of mentalisation-based treatment for borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 203, 221–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2016). Mentalization-based treatment for personality disorders: A practical guide (2nd ed). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). A new generation of comorbidity research in the era of neuroscience and research domain criteria. Development and Psychopathology, 28, 891–894.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchaine, T. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2015). Heart rate variability as a transdiagnostic biomarker of psychopathology. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 98, 338–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Arseneault, L., Corcoran, D. L., Domingue, B. W., Harris, K. M., … Odgers, C. L. (2019). Genetics and the geography of health, behaviour and attainment. Nature Human Behaviour, 3, 576–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., & Fearon, R. M. (2002). Infant–mother attachment security, contextual risk, and early development: A moderational analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 293–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bigelow, A. E., & DeCoste, C. (2003). Infants’ sensitivity to contingency in social interactions with familiar and unfamiliar partners. Infancy, 4, 111–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanco, C., Wall, M. M., Hoertel, N., Krueger, R. F., Liu, S. M., Grant, B. F., … Olfson, M. (2021). Psychiatric disorders and risk for multiple adverse outcomes: A national prospective study. Molecular Psychiatry, 26, 907–916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloemen, A. J. P., Oldehinkel, A. J., Laceulle, O. M., Ormel, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., & Hartman, C. A. (2018). The association between executive functioning and psychopathology: General or specific? Psychological Medicine, 48, 1787–1794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonifay, W., & Cai, L. (2017). On the complexity of item response theory models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 52, 465–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bornovalova, M. A., Choate, A. M., Fatimah, H., Petersen, K. J., & Wiernik, B. M. (2020). Appropriate use of bifactor analysis in psychopathology research: Appreciating benefits and limitations. Biological Psychiatry, 88, 18–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brainstorm Consortium, Anttila, V., Bulik-Sullivan, B., Finucane, H. K., Walters, R. K., Bras, J., … Murray, R. (2018). Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science, 360, eaap8757.Google ScholarPubMed
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Budde, M., Anderson-Schmidt, H., Gade, K., Reich-Erkelenz, D., Adorjan, K., Kalman, J. L., … Heilbronner, U. (2018). A longitudinal approach to biological psychiatric research: The PsyCourse study. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 180, 89–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, L., Gibbs, H., & Levush, K. (2020). Look again: Pedagogical demonstration facilitates children's use of counterevidence. Child Development, 91, e1194–e1210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Call, J., Brauer, J., Kaminski, J., & Tomasello, M. (2003). Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117, 257–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capitanio, J. P. (1985). Early experience and social processes in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): II. Complex social interaction. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 99, 133–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carragher, N., Teesson, M., Sunderland, M., Newton, N. C., Krueger, R. F., Conrod, P. J., … Slade, T. (2016). The structure of adolescent psychopathology: A symptom-level analysis. Psychological Medicine, 46, 981–994.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Timpano, K. R. (2017). Toward a functional view of the p factor in psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 880–889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., … Moffitt, T. E. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 119–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018). All for one and one for all: Mental disorders in one dimension. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 831–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castellanos-Ryan, N., Briere, F. N., O'Leary-Barrett, M., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A., & Bromberg, U., … IMAGEN Consortium. (2016). The structure of psychopathology in adolescence and its common personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 1039–1052.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Causadias, J. M. (2013). A roadmap for the integration of culture into developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 1375–1398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Causadias, J. M., & Cicchetti, D. (2018). Cultural development and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 30, 1549–1555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chisholm, J. S. (1999). Attachment and time preference: Relations between early stress and sexual behavior in a sample of American university women. Human Nature, 10, 51–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Curtis, W. J. (2005). An event-related potential study of the processing of affective facial expressions in young children who experienced maltreatment during the first year of life. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 641–677.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cirino, P. T., Ahmed, Y., Miciak, J., Taylor, W. P., Gerst, E. H., & Barnes, M. A. (2018). A framework for executive function in the late elementary years. Neuropsychology, 32, 176–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colle, L., Dimaggio, G., Carcione, A., Giuseppe, N., Semerari, A., & Chiavarino, C. (2020). Do competitive contexts affect mindreading performance? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Constantinou, M., & Fonagy, P.. (2019). Evaluating bifactor models of psychopathology using model-based reliability indices. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/6tf7jGoogle Scholar
Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Erkanli, A., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2013). Indirect comorbidity in childhood and adolescence. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corriveau, K. H., Harris, P. L., Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Arnott, B., Elliott, L., … de Rosnay, M. (2009). Young children's trust in their mother's claims: Longitudinal links with attachment security in infancy. Child Development, 80, 750–761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crittenden, B. M., Mitchell, D. J., & Duncan, J. (2016). Task encoding across the multiple demand cortex is consistent with a frontoparietal and cingulo-opercular dual networks distinction. Journal of Neuroscience, 36, 6147–6155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. (2013). Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: A genome-wide analysis. Lancet, 381, 1371–1379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2009). Natural pedagogy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 148–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2011). Natural pedagogy as evolutionary adaptation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 366, 1149–1157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, D. (2001). Subjective, intersubjective, objective. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delfin, C., Andine, P., Hofvander, B., Billstedt, E., & Wallinius, M. (2018). Examining associations between psychopathic traits and executive functions in incarcerated violent offenders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Del Giudice, M. (2016). The life history model of psychopathology explains the structure of psychiatric disorders and the emergence of the p factor. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 299–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demetriou, E. A., Lampit, A., Quintana, D. S., Naismith, S. L., Song, Y. J. C., Pye, J. E., … Guastella, A. J. (2018). Autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of executive function. Molecular Psychiatry, 23, 1198–1204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeRubeis, R. J., Gelfand, L. A., Tang, T. Z., & Simons, A. D. (1999). Medications versus cognitive behavior therapy for severely depressed outpatients: Mega-analysis of four randomized comparisons. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1007–1013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deutz, M. H. F., Geeraerts, S. B., Belsky, J., Dekovic, M., van Baar, A. L., Prinzie, P., & Patalay, P. (2020). General psychopathology and dysregulation profile in a longitudinal community sample: Stability, antecedents and outcomes. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 51, 114–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickson, H., Cullen, A. E., Jones, R., Reichenberg, A., Roberts, R. E., Hodgins, S., … Laurens, K. R. (2018). Trajectories of cognitive development during adolescence among youth at-risk for schizophrenia. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59, 1215–1224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dolan, M. (2012). The neuropsychology of prefrontal function in antisocial personality disordered offenders with varying degrees of psychopathy. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1715–1725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drabick, D. A., Ollendick, T. H., & Bubier, J. L. (2010). Co-occurrence of ODD and anxiety: Shared risk processes and evidence for a dual-pathway model. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17, 307–318.Google ScholarPubMed
Dubois, D., Rucker, D., & Galinsky, A. (2015). Social class, power, and selfishness: When and why upper and lower class individuals behave unethically. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 436–449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunner, D. L., Lipschitz, A., Pitts, C. D., & Davies, J. T. (2005). Efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release paroxetine in the treatment of severe depression: Post hoc analysis of pooled data from a subset of subjects in four double-blind clinical trials. Clinical Therapeutics, 27, 1901–1911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eaves, B. S. Jr., & Shafto, P. (2017). Parameterizing developmental changes in epistemic trust. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24, 277–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egyed, K., Király, I., & Gergely, G. (2013). Communicating shared knowledge without language in infancy. Psychological Science, 24, 1348–1353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elkin, I., Gibbons, R. D., Shea, M. T., Sotsky, S. M., Watkins, J. T., Pilkonis, P. A., … Hedeker, D. (1995). Initial severity and differential treatment outcome in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 841–847.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elliott, M. L., Romer, A., Knodt, A. R., & Hariri, A. R. (2018). A connectome-wide functional signature of transdiagnostic risk for mental illness. Biological Psychiatry, 84, 452–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ensink, K., Normandin, L., Target, M., Fonagy, P., Sabourin, S., & Berthelot, N. (2015). Mentalization in children and mothers in the context of trauma: An initial study of the validity of the child reflective functioning scale. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33, 203–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 49, 709–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ernst, M., Mohr, H. M., Schott, M., Rickmeyer, C., Fischmann, T., Leuzinger-Bohleber, M., … Grabhorn, R. (2018). The effects of social exclusion on response inhibition in borderline personality disorder and major depression. Psychiatry Research, 262, 333–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinstein, A. R. (1970). The pre-therapeutic classification of co-morbidity in chronic disease. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 23, 455–468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonagy, P., & Campbell, C. (2017a). Bad blood: 15 years on. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 37, 281–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P., & Campbell, C. (2017b). What touch Can communicate: A commentary on mentalizing homeostasis. Neuropsychoanalysis, 19, 39–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., Allison, E., & Campbell, C. (2017a). What we have changed our minds about: Part 1. Borderline personality disorder as a limitation of resilience. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 4, 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., Allison, E., & Campbell, C. (2017b). What we have changed our minds about: Part 2. Borderline personality disorder, epistemic trust and the developmental significance of social communication. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 4, 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1355–1381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P., Twemlow, S. W., Vernberg, E. M., Nelson, J. M., Dill, E. J., Little, T. D., & Sargent, J. A. (2009). A cluster randomized controlled trial of child-focused psychiatric consultation and a school systems-focused intervention to reduce aggression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 607–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, M. K., Tackett, J. L., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2016). Beyond comorbidity: Toward a dimensional and hierarchical approach to understanding psychopathology across the life span. Development and Psychopathology, 28, 971–986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankenhuis, W. E., & Del Giudice, M. (2012). When do adaptive developmental mechanisms yield maladaptive outcomes? Developmental Psychology, 48, 628–642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freud, S. (1930). Civilization and its discontents. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 21, pp. 57-146). London, UK: Hogarth Press, 1961.Google Scholar
Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2017). Unity and diversity of executive functions: Individual differences as a window on cognitive structure. Cortex, 86, 186–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Futo, J., Teglas, E., Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2010). Communicative function demonstration induces kind-based artifact representation in preverbal infants. Cognition, 117, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallotti, M., & Frith, C. D. (2013). Social cognition in the we-mode. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17, 160–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gergely, G. (2013). Ostensive communication and cultural learning: The natural pedagogy hypothesis. In Metcalfe, J. & Terrace, H. S. (Eds.), Agency and joint attention (pp. 139–151). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gergely, G., & Csibra, G. (2005). The social construction of the cultural mind: Imitative learning as a mechanism of human pedagogy. Interaction Studies, 6, 463–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gergely, G., & Csibra, G. (2006). Sylvia's recipe: Human culture, imitation, and pedagogy. In Enfield, N. J., & Levinson, S. C. (Eds.), Roots of human sociality: Culture, cognition, and human interaction (pp. 229–255). London, UK: Berg Press.Google Scholar
Gergely, G., & Jacob, P. (2012). Reasoning about instrumental and communicative agency in human infancy. In Benson, J. B., Xu, F., & Kushnir, T. (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior. Vol 43: Rational constructivism in cognitive development (pp. 59–94). Waltham, MA: Academic Press/Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Germine, L., Dunn, E. C., McLaughlin, K. A., & Smoller, J. W. (2015). Childhood adversity is associated with adult theory of mind and social affiliation, but not face processing. PLoS One, 10, e0129612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbons, R. D., Hur, K., Brown, C. H., Davis, J. M., & Mann, J. J. (2012). Benefits from antidepressants: Synthesis of 6-week patient-level outcomes from double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trials of fluoxetine and venlafaxine. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 572–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gluckman, P. D., Low, F. M., Buklijas, T., Hanson, M. A., & Beedle, A. S. (2011). How evolutionary principles improve the understanding of human health and disease. Evolutionary Applications, 4, 249–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gluschkoff, K., Jokela, M., & Rosenström, T. (2019). The general psychopathology factor: Structural stability and generalizability to within-individual changes. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, D. (2015). Psychopathology and classification in psychiatry. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodkind, M., Eickhoff, S. B., Oathes, D. J., Jiang, Y., Chang, A., Jones-Hagata, L. B., … Etkin, A. (2015). Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness. JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 305–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopnik, A., & Wellman, H. M. (2012). Reconstructing constructivism: Causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 1085–1108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greene, A. L., Eaton, N. R., Li, K., Forbes, M. K., Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., … Kotov, R. (2019). Are fit indices used to test psychopathology structure biased? A simulation study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128, 740–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Roisman, G. I. (2017). Attachment in the early life course: Meta-analytic evidence for its role in socioemotional development. Child Development Perspectives, 11, 70–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruenfeld, D. H., Inesi, M. E., Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Power and the objectification of social targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 111–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammock, E. A., & Levitt, P. (2006). The discipline of neurobehavioral development: The emerging interface of processes that build circuits and skills. Human Development, 49, 294–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harden, K. P., Engelhardt, L. E., Mann, F. D., Patterson, M. W., Grotzinger, A. D., Savicki, S. L., … Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2020). Genetic associations between executive functions and a general factor of psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59, 749–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, M. (1976). History and significance of the emic/etic distinction. Annual Review of Anthropology, 5, 329–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatoum, A. S., Rhee, S. H., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., & Friedman, N. P. (2018). Do executive functions explain the covariance between internalizing and externalizing behaviors? Development and Psychopathology, 30, 1371–1387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, J. (2020). Cognising with others in the we-mode: A defence of 'first-person plural’ social cognition. Review of Philosophy and Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s13164-020-00509-2Google Scholar
Ho, M. C., Hsu, Y. C., Lu, M. L., Gossop, M., & Chen, V. C. (2018). ‘Cool’ and ‘hot’ executive functions in suicide attempters with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235, 332–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hrdy, S. B. (2006). Evolutionary context of human development: The cooperative breeding model. In Carter, C. S., Ahnert, L., Grossmann, K. E., Hrdy, S. B., Lamb, M. E., Porges, S. W. & Sachser, N. (Eds.), Attachment and bonding: A new synthesis (pp. 9–31). Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2009). Mothers and others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2013). The ‘one animal in all creation about which man knows the least’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 368, 20130072.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hrdy, S. B. (2016). Development plus social selection in the emergence of “emotionally modern” humans. In Meehan, C. L., & Crittenden, A. N. (Eds.), Childhood: Origins, evolution, and implications (pp. 11–44). Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Hyland, P., Murphy, J., Shevlin, M., Bentall, R. P., Karatzias, T., Ho, G. W. K., … McElroy, E. (2020). On top or underneath: Where does the general factor of psychopathology fit within a dimensional model of psychopathology? Psychological Medicine. doi:10.1017/S003329172000104XGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inesi, M. E., Botti, S., Dubois, D., Rucker, D. D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2011). Power and choice: Their dynamic interplay in quenching the thirst for personal control. Psychological Science, 22, 1042–1048.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingoldsby, E. M., Shaw, D. S., Winslow, E., Schonberg, M., Gilliom, M., & Criss, M. M. (2006). Neighborhood disadvantage, parent–child conflict, neighborhood peer relationships, and early antisocial behavior problem trajectories. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 303–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., … Wang, P. (2010). Research domain criteria (RDoc): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 748–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jokela, M., Batty, G. D., Vahtera, J., Elovainio, M., & Kivimaki, M. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities in common mental disorders and psychotherapy treatment in the UK between 1991 and 2009. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202, 115–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaczkurkin, A. N., Moore, T. M., Calkins, M. E., Ciric, R., Detre, J. A., Elliott, M. A., … Satterthwaite, T. D. (2018). Common and dissociable regional cerebral blood flow differences associate with dimensions of psychopathology across categorical diagnoses. Molecular Psychiatry, 23, 1981–1989.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karg, K., Schmelz, M., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2015). The goggles experiment: Can chimpanzees use self-experience to infer what a competitor can see? Animal Behaviour, 105, 211–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kavanaugh, S. A., Neppl, T. K., & Melby, J. N. (2018). Economic pressure and depressive symptoms: Testing the family stress model from adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 32, 957–965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, C. L., & Green, J. M. (2016). Social cognitive deficits and biases in maltreated adolescents in U.K. out-of-home care: Relation to disinhibited attachment disorder and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 28, 73–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, H., & Bard, K. (Eds.). (2017). The cultural nature of attachment: Contextualizing relationships and development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., Bard, K., Morelli, G., Chaudhary, N., Vicedo, M., Rosabal-Coto, M., … Gottlieb, A. (2018). The myth of universal sensitive responsiveness: Comment on Mesman et al. (2017). Child Development, 89, 1921–1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., & Chaudhary, N. (2017). Is mother essential for attachment? Models of care in different cultures. In Keller, H., & Bard, K. A. (Eds.), The cultural nature of attachment: Contextualizing relationships and development (pp. 109–137). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., Kartner, J., Borke, J., Yovsi, R., & Kleis, A. (2005). Parenting styles and the development of the categorical self: A longitudinal study on mirror self-recognition in Cameroonian Nso and German families. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 496–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirsch, I., Deacon, B. J., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Scoboria, A., Moore, T. J., & Johnson, B. T. (2008). Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: A meta-analysis of data submitted to the food and drug administration. PLoS Medicine, 5, 260–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kittel, R., Schmidt, R., & Hilbert, A. (2017). Executive functions in adolescents with binge-eating disorder and obesity. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50, 933–941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, M. J., Air, T., & Baune, B. T. (2018). The role of cognitive impairment in psychosocial functioning in remitted depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235, 129–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kofler, M. J., Sarver, D. E., Harmon, S. L., Moltisanti, A., Aduen, P. A., Soto, E. F., & Ferretti, N. (2018). Working memory and organizational skills problems in ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59, 57–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, A., Teglas, E., & Endress, A. D. (2010). The social sense: Susceptibility to others’ beliefs in human infants and adults. Science, 330, 1830–1834.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, A., Teglas, E., Gergely, G., & Csibra, G. (2017). Seeing behind the surface: Communicative demonstration boosts category disambiguation in 12-month-olds. Developmental Science, 20, e12485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laceulle, O. M., Vollebergh, W. A. M., & Ormel, J. (2015). The structure of psychopathology in adolescence: Replication of a general psychopathology factor in the TRAILS study. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 850–860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahey, B. B., Applegate, B., Hakes, J. K., Zald, D. H., Hariri, A. R., & Rathouz, P. J. (2012). Is there a general factor of prevalent psychopathology during adulthood? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 971–977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahey, B. B., Krueger, R. F., Rathouz, P. J., Waldman, I. D., & Zald, D. H. (2017). A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 142–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lahey, B. B., Rathouz, P. J., Keenan, K., Stepp, S. D., Loeber, R., & Hipwell, A. E. (2015). Criterion validity of the general factor of psychopathology in a prospective study of girls. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56, 415–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahey, B. B., Van Hulle, C. A., Singh, A. L., Waldman, I. D., & Rathouz, P. J. (2011). Higher-order genetic and environmental structure of prevalent forms of child and adolescent psychopathology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 181–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lahey, B. B., Zald, D. H., Perkins, S. F., Villalta-Gil, V., Werts, K. B., Van Hulle, C. A., … Waldman, I. D. (2018). Measuring the hierarchical general factor model of psychopathology in young adults. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 27, e1593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lane, J. D., & Harris, P. L. (2015). The roles of intuition and informants’ expertise in children's epistemic trust. Child Development, 86, 919–926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, S. H., Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Faraone, S. V., Purcell, S. M., Perlis, R. H., … International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics, C. (2013). Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs. Nature Genetics, 45, 984–994.Google ScholarPubMed
Levy, J., Goldstein, A., & Feldman, R. (2019). The neural development of empathy is sensitive to caregiving and early trauma. Nature Communications, 10, 1905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lima, I. M. M., Peckham, A. D., & Johnson, S. L. (2018). Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders: Implications for emotion. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 126–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Links, P. S., & Eynan, R. (2013). The relationship between personality disorders and axis I psychopathology: Deconstructing comorbidity. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 529–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, J., Mustanski, B., Dick, D., Bolland, J., & Kertes, D. A. (2017). Risk and protective factors for comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems among economically disadvantaged African American youth. Development and Psychopathology, 29, 1043–1056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, C., Brooke-Sumner, C., Baingana, F., Baron, E. C., Breuer, E., Chandra, P., … Saxena, S. (2018). Social determinants of mental disorders and the sustainable development goals: A systematic review of reviews. Lancet Psychiatry, 5, 357–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luyten, P., Campbell, C., Allison, E., & Fonagy, P. (2020). The mentalizing approach to psychopathology: State of the art and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16, 297–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, A. N., Goines, K. B., Novacek, D. M., & Walker, E. F. (2016). Prefrontal mechanisms of comorbidity from a transdiagnostic and ontogenic perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 28, 1147–1175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macintosh, H. (2013). Mentalizing and its role as a mediator in the relationship between childhood experiences and adult functioning: Exploring the empirical evidence. Psihologija, 46, 193–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markon, K. E. (2019). Bifactor and hierarchical models: Specification, inference, and interpretation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 51–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Markson, L., & Luo, Y. (2020). Trust in early childhood. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 58, 137–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marlowe, F. W. (2005). Who tends hadza children? In Lamb, M. E. & Hewlett, B. S. (Eds.), Hunter-gatherer childhoods: Evolutionary, developmental, and cultural perspectives (pp. 19–64). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Martel, M. M., Pan, P. M., Hoffmann, M. S., Gadelha, A., do Rosario, M. C., Mari, J. J., … Salum, G. A. (2017). A general psychopathology factor (P factor) in children: Structural model analysis and external validation through familial risk and child global executive function. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 137–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masarik, A. S., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Stress and child development: A review of the family stress model. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 85–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mascaro, O., & Sperber, D. (2009). The moral, epistemic, and mindreading components of children's vigilance towards deception. Cognition, 112, 367–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, W. A., & Capitanio, J. P. (1988). Formation and expression of filial attachment in rhesus monkeys raised with living and inanimate mother substitutes. Developmental Psychobiology, 21, 401–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGrath, L. M., Braaten, E. B., Doty, N. D., Willoughby, B. L., Wilson, H. K., O'Donnell, E. H., … Doyle, A. E. (2016). Extending the ‘cross-disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57, 462–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McTeague, L. M., Huemer, J., Carreon, D. M., Jiang, Y., Eickhoff, S. B., & Etkin, A. (2017). Identification of common neural circuit disruptions in cognitive control across psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 676–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meehan, C. L., & Hawks, S. (2015). Multiple attachments: Allomothering, stranger anxiety, and intimacy. In Otto, H. & Keller, H. (Eds.), Different faces of attachment. Cultural variations on a universal human need (pp. 113–140). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Meehan, C. L., Helfrecht, C., & Malcom, C. D. (2016). Implications of lengthy development and maternal life history: Allomaternal investment, peer relationships, and social networks. In Meehan, C. L., & Crittenden, A. N. (Eds.), Childhood: Origins, evolution, and implications (pp. 199–220). Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Mesman, J. (2020). Video observations of sensitive caregiving “off the beaten track”: Introduction to the special issue. Attachment and Human Development. doi:10.1080/14616734.2020.1828511Google ScholarPubMed
Mesman, J., Minter, T., Angnged, A., Cisse, I. A. H., Salali, G. D., & Migliano, A. B. (2018). Universality without uniformity: A culturally inclusive approach to sensitive responsiveness in infant caregiving. Child Development, 89, 837–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mesman, J., Minter, T., & Angnged, A. (2016a). Received sensitivity: Adapting Ainsworth's scale to capture sensitivity in a multiple-caregiver context. Attachment and Human Development, 18, 101–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M., Behrens, K., Carbonell, O. A., Carcamo, R., Cohen-Paraira, I., … Zreik, G. (2016b). Is the ideal mother a sensitive mother? Beliefs about early childhood parenting in mothers across the globe. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40, 385–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106, 3–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moberget, T., Alnaes, D., Kaufmann, T., Doan, N. T., Cordova-Palomera, A., Norbom, L. B., … Westlye, L. T. (2019). Cerebellar gray matter volume is associated with cognitive function and psychopathology in adolescence. Biological Psychiatry, 86, 65–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, T. M., Kaczkurkin, A. N., Durham, E. L., Jeong, H. J., McDowell, M. G., Dupont, R. M., … Lahey, B. B. (2020). Criterion validity and relationships between alternative hierarchical dimensional models of general and specific psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129, 677–688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morelli, G. A., Chaudhary, N., Gottlieb, A., Keller, H., Murray, M., Quinn, N., … Vicedo, M. (2017). Taking culture seriously: A pluralistic approach to attachment. In Keller, H. & Bard, K. A. (Eds.), The cultural nature of attachment Contextualizing relationships and development (pp. 139–170). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Murray, A. L., & Johnson, W. (2013). The limitations of model fit in comparing the bi-factor versus higher-order models of human cognitive ability structure. Intelligence, 41, 407–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2009). Depression in adults: Recognition and management. London, UK: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2013). Conduct disorders and antisocial behaviour in children and young people: Recognition, intervention and management. Clinical guideline [CG158]. London, UK: The British Psychological Society and the Royal College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
Neumann, A., Pappa, I., Lahey, B. B., Verhulst, F. C., Medina-Gomez, C., Jaddoe, V. W., … Tiemeier, H. (2016). Single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of a general psychopathology factor in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55, 1038–1045 e1034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NHS Digital. (2018). Mental Health of Children and Young People in England, 2017: Summary of key findings. https://files.digital.nhs.uk/F6/A5706C/MHCYP%202017%20Summary.pdf.Google Scholar
NHS England. (2014). Five Year Forward View, https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/5yfv-web.pdf.Google Scholar
Niarchou, M., Moore, T. M., Tang, S. X., Calkins, M. E., McDonald-McGuinn, D. M., Zackai, E. H., … Gur, R. E. (2017). The dimensional structure of psychopathology in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 92, 124–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nigg, J. T., Jester, J. M., Stavro, G. M., Ip, K. I., Puttler, L. I., & Zucker, R. A. (2017). Specificity of executive functioning and processing speed problems in common psychopathology. Neuropsychology, 31, 448–466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ochs, E., & Izquierdo, C. (2009). Responsibility in childhood: Three developmental trajectories. Ethos, 37, 391–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olino, T. M., Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Dyson, M. W., Carlson, G. A., & Klein, D. N. (2018). The development of latent dimensions of psychopathology across early childhood: Stability of dimensions and moderators of change. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46, 1373–1383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Madagain, C., & Tomasello, M. (2019). Joint attention to mental content and the social origin of reasoning. Synthese. doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02327-1Google Scholar
Overbeck, J. R., & Droutman, V. (2013). One for all: Social power increases self-anchoring of traits, attitudes, and emotions. Psychological Science, 24, 1466–1476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panchanathan, K., Frankenhuis, W. E., & Barrett, H. C. (2010). Development: Evolutionary ecology's midwife. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 105–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Papousek, H., & Papousek, M. (1975). Cognitive Aspects of Preverbal Social Interaction Between Human Infants and Adults. In Parent–Infant Interaction. Ciba Foundation Symposium 33 (pp. 241-260). New York, NY: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Patalay, P., Fonagy, P., Deighton, J., Belsky, J., Vostanis, P., & Wolpert, M. (2015). A general psychopathology factor in early adolescence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 206, 1–8.Google Scholar
Pettersson, E., Larsson, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2016). Common psychiatric disorders share the same genetic origin: A multivariate sibling study of the Swedish population. Molecular Psychiatry, 21, 717–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piotrowska, P. J., Stride, C. B., Maughan, B., & Rowe, R. (2019). Mechanisms underlying social gradients in child and adolescent antisocial behaviour. SSM - Population Health, 7. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100353CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reeb-Sutherland, B. C., Levitt, P., & Fox, N. A. (2012). The predictive nature of individual differences in early associative learning and emerging social behavior. PLoS One, 7, e30511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reise, S. P., Kim, D. S., Mansolf, M., & Widaman, K. F. (2016). Is the bifactor model a better model or is it just better at modeling implausible responses? Application of iteratively reweighted least squares to the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 51, 818–838.Google ScholarPubMed
Romer, A. L., Elliott, M. L., Knodt, A. R., Sison, M. L., Ireland, D., Houts, R., … Hariri, A. R. (2021). Pervasively thinner neocortex as a transdiagnostic feature of general psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 174–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romer, A. L., Knodt, A. R., Houts, R., Brigidi, B. D., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Hariri, A. R. (2018). Structural alterations within cerebellar circuitry are associated with general liability for common mental disorders. Molecular Psychiatry, 23, 1084–1090.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romer, A. L., Knodt, A. R., Sison, M. L., Ireland, D., Houts, R., Ramrakha, S., … Hariri, A. R. (2019). Replicability of structural brain alterations associated with general psychopathology: Evidence from a population-representative birth cohort. Molecular Psychiatry. doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0621-zGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenström, T., Gjerde, L. C., Krueger, R. F., Aggen, S. H., Czajkowski, N. O., Gillespie, N. A., … Ystrom, E. (2019). Joint factorial structure of psychopathology and personality. Psychological Medicine, 49, 2158–2167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rucker, D. D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2017). Social power and social class: Conceptualization, consequences, and current challenges. Current Opinion in Psychology, 18, 26–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rudrauf, D. (2014). Structure-function relationships behind the phenomenon of cognitive resilience in neurology: Insights for neuroscience and medicine. Advances in Neuroscience, 2014, 462765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, B. B. (1940/1967). An inquiry into meaning and truth. London, UK: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Sallis, H., Szekely, E., Neumann, A., Jolicoeur-Martineau, A., van, I. M., Hillegers, M., … Evans, J. (2019). General psychopathology, internalising and externalising in children and functional outcomes in late adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60, 1183–1190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandel, A. A., MacLean, E. L., & Hare, B. (2011). Evidence from four lemur species that ringtailed lemur social cognition converges with that of haplorhine primates. Animal Behaviour, 81, 925–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaefer, J. D., Caspi, A., Belsky, D. W., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Horwood, L. J., … Moffitt, T. E. (2017). Enduring mental health: Prevalence and prediction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 212–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaefer, J. D., Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Danese, A., Fisher, H. L., Houts, R., … Caspi, A. (2018). Adolescent victimization and early-adult psychopathology: Approaching causal inference using a longitudinal twin study to rule out noncausal explanations. Clinical Psychological Science, 6, 352–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schäfer, J. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Manfro, G. G., Pan, P., Rohde, L. A., Miguel, E. C., … Salum, G. A. (2020). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of threat and deprivation on cognition, emotional processing and psychopathology in children and adolescents. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.02.09.940858Google Scholar
Sedgwick, O., Young, S., Baumeister, D., Greer, B., Das, M., & Kumari, V. (2017). Neuropsychology and emotion processing in violent individuals with antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia: The same or different? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 1178–1197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sellbom, M., & Tellegen, A. (2019). Factor analysis in psychological assessment research: Common pitfalls and recommendations. Psychological Assessment, 31, 1428–1441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sellers, R., Wells, A., & Morrison, A. P. (2018). Are experiences of psychosis associated with unhelpful metacognitive coping strategies? A systematic review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25, 31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selzam, S., Coleman, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T., & Plomin, R. (2018). A polygenic p factor for major psychiatric disorders. Translational Psychiatry, 8, 205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafto, P., Eaves, B., Navarro, D. J., & Perfors, A. (2012). Epistemic trust: Modeling children's reasoning about others’ knowledge and intent. Developmental Science, 15, 436–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shanmugan, S., Wolf, D. H., Calkins, M. E., Moore, T. M., Ruparel, K., Hopson, R. D., … Satterthwaite, T. D. (2016). Common and dissociable mechanisms of executive system dysfunction across psychiatric disorders in youth. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 517–526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharp, C., & Vanwoerden, S. (2015). Hypermentalizing in borderline personality disorder: A model and data. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 14, 33–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, A. N., Reardon, K. W., Brandes, C. M., & Tackett, J. L. (2019). The p factor in children: Relationships with executive functions and effortful control. Journal of Research in Personality, 82, 103853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, J. A., Collins, W. A., Tran, S., & Haydon, K. C. (2007). Attachment and the experience and expression of emotions in romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 355–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, G. T., Atkinson, E. A., Davis, H. A., Riley, E. N., & Oltmanns, J. R. (2020). The general factor of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16, 75–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smoller, J. W. (2013). Disorders and borders: Psychiatric genetics and nosology. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 162B, 559–578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, H. R., Friedman, N. P., & Hankin, B. L. (2019). Transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychopathology in youth: Executive functions, dependent stress, and rumination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43, 834–851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, H. R., Hankin, B. L., Sandman, C. A., Head, K., & Davis, E. P. (2017). Distinct patterns of reduced prefrontal and limbic gray matter volume in childhood general and internalizing psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 1001–1013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, H. R., Miyake, A., & Hankin, B. L. (2015). Advancing understanding of executive function impairments and psychopathology: Bridging the gap between clinical and cognitive approaches. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, H. R., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2017). Strong homotypic continuity in common psychopathology-, internalizing-, and externalizing-specific factors over time in adolescents. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 98–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, H. R., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2019). Chronic stress exposure and generation are related to the p-factor and externalizing specific psychopathology in youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 48, 306–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, J., Bergen, S. E., Kuja-Halkola, R., Larsson, H., Landen, M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2015). Bipolar disorder and its relation to major psychiatric disorders: A family-based study in the Swedish population. Bipolar Disorders, 17, 184–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sperber, D. (1990). The epidemiology of beliefs. In Fraser, C. & Gaskell, G. (Eds.), The social psychological study of widespread beliefs (pp. 25–44). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Sperber, D., Clement, F., Heintz, C., Mascaro, O., Mercier, H., Origgi, G., & Wilson, D. (2010). Epistemic vigilance. Mind and Language, 25, 359–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition (2nd ed). Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Stievenart, M., Roskam, I., Meunier, J. C., & Van de Moortele, G. (2011). The reciprocal relation between children's attachment representations and their cognitive ability. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 58–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2004). Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 220–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szasz, T. (1960). The myth of mental illness. American Psychologist, 15, 113–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taubner, S., & Curth, C. (2013). Mentalization mediates the relation between early traumatic experiences and aggressive behavior in adolescence. Psihologija, 46, 177–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2014). A natural history of human thinking. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2016). A natural history of human morality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2018). How children come to understand false beliefs: A shared intentionality account. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, 8491–8498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M. (2019). Becoming human: A theory of ontogeny. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2020). The role of roles in uniquely human cognition and sociality. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 50, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M., Call, J., & Kaminski, J. (2006). Goats’ behaviour in a competitive food paradigm: Evidence for perspective taking? Behaviour, 143, 1341–1356.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T., & Moll, H. (2005). Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 675–691.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tong, Y., Wang, F., & Danovitch, J. (2020). The role of epistemic and social characteristics in children's selective trust: Three meta-analyses. Developmental Science, 23, e12895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tronick, E. Z. (2008). Emotional connections and dyadic consciousness in infant-mother and patient-therapist interactions: Commentary on paper by Frank M. Lachmann. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 11, 187–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuomela, R. (2005). We-intentions revisited. Philosophical Studies, 125, 327–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P., & Sacco, F. C. (2013). A developmental approach to mentalizing communities through the peaceful schools experiment. In Midgley, N. & Vrouva, I. (Eds.), Minding the child: Mentalization-based interventions with children, young people and their families (pp. 187–201). Hove, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Unterrainer, J. M., Domschke, K., Rahm, B., Wiltink, J., Schulz, A., Pfeiffer, N., … Beutel, M. (2018). Subclinical levels of anxiety but not depression are associated with planning performance in a large population-based sample. Psychological Medicine, 48, 168–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Bork, R., Epskamp, S., Rhemtulla, M., Borsboom, D., & van der Maas, H. L. J. (2017). What is the p-factor of psychopathology? Some risks of general factor modeling. Theory & Psychology, 27, 759–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Harmelen, A. L., Kievit, R. A., Ioannidis, K., Neufeld, S., Jones, P. B., Bullmore, E., … Goodyer, I. (2017). Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort. Psychological Medicine, 47, 2312–2322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Dijkstra, J., & Bus, A. G. (1995). Attachment, intelligence, and language: A meta-analysis. Social Development, 4, 115–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vine, V., Byrd, A. L., Mohr, H., Scott, L. N., Beeney, J. E., & Stepp, S. D. (2020). The structure of psychopathology in a sample of clinically referred, emotionally dysregulated early adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48, 1379–1393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, M., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2018). Effect of foster care intervention on trajectories of general and specific psychopathology among children with histories of institutional rearing: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 1137–1145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, M., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. 3rd. (2019). Long-term effects of institutional rearing, foster care, and brain activity on memory and executive functioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116, 1808–1813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waldman, I. D., Poore, H. E., Luningham, J. M., & Yang, J. (2020). Testing structural models of psychopathology at the genomic level. World Psychiatry, 19, 350–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waldman, I. D., Poore, H. E., van Hulle, C., Rathouz, P. J., & Lahey, B. B. (2016). External validity of a hierarchical dimensional model of child and adolescent psychopathology: Tests using confirmatory factor analyses and multivariate behavior genetic analyses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 1053–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watts, A. L., Poore, H. E., & Waldman, I. D. (2019). Riskier tests of the validity of the bifactor model of psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science, 7, 1285–1303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, L. K., Moore, T. M., Calkins, M. E., Wolf, D. H., Satterthwaite, T. D., Leibenluft, E., … Gur, R. E. (2017). An evaluation of the specificity of executive function impairment in developmental psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56, 975–982 e973.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2009). The spirit level: Why equality is better for everyone. London, UK: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. (1956). Mirror role of mother and family in child development. In Winnicott, D. W. (Ed.), Playing and reality (pp. 111–118). London, UK: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Wise, T., Radua, J., Via, E., Cardoner, N., Abe, O., Adams, T. M., … Arnone, D. (2017). Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: Evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry, 22, 1455–1463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Krueger, R. F., Lyons, M. J., Tsuang, M. T., & Koenen, K. C. (2010). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the genetic structure of comorbidity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 320–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, M., Coid, J., & Tyrer, P. (2010). Personality pathology recorded by severity: National survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 193–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zanarini, M. C., Yong, L., Frankenburg, F. R., Hennen, J., Reich, D. B., Marino, M. F., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2002). Severity of reported childhood sexual abuse and its relationship to severity of borderline psychopathology and psychosocial impairment among borderline inpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 381–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M., Martinez, J. H., Friedman, M., Boerescu, D. A., Attiullah, N., & Toba, C. (2012). How can we use depression severity to guide treatment selection when measures of depression categorize patients differently? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73, 1287–1291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M., Martinez, J. H., Young, D., Chelminski, I., & Dalrymple, K. (2013). Severity classification on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150, 384–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M., Morgan, T. A., & Stanton, K. (2018). The severity of psychiatric disorders. World Psychiatry, 17, 258–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed