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Associations among depression, perceived self-efficacy, and immune function and health in preadolescent children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2011

Mary T. Caserta ,
Peter A. Wyman ,
Hongyue Wang ,
Jan Moynihan  and
Thomas G. O'Connor
Mary T. Caserta*
Affiliation:
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Peter A. Wyman
Affiliation:
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Hongyue Wang
Affiliation:
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Jan Moynihan
Affiliation:
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Thomas G. O'Connor
Affiliation:
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Mary Caserta, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 690, Rochester, NY 14642; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Experimental animal studies and adult research consistently show that stress exposure and/or psychological symptoms are associated with poorer health and immune functioning. The application to children is not yet clear, however, and we lack developmental models for studies in this area. The objective of this paper was to test the hypothesis that self-reported self-efficacy and depression, two markers of psychological well-being in children, would predict immunity and rate of illnesses. The data are based on a prospective study of 141 healthy, normally developing children aged 7–13 years who were recruited from an ambulatory pediatric setting. Children completed self-efficacy and depression measures and had blood obtained for IL-6 plasma levels and natural killer cell functional assays on three occasions, 6 months apart. Parents maintained weekly child illness diaries over 1 year using a thermometer to record fever. Parent psychiatric symptoms and income were used as covariates. Results indicated that, across the three occasions of measurement collected over the 1-year period, higher perceived self-efficacy was significantly associated with lower plasma interleukin 6 concentrations. There was no overall main effect of depressive symptoms on immune measures; however, for older girls, higher depression was associated with elevated natural killer cell cytotoxicity and an increased rate of total illnesses and febrile illnesses. The findings provide some of the first evidence that psychological processes are associated with immunity and health in a normally developing sample of preadolescents. Furthermore, the pattern of results suggests a modified model of a link between psychological well-being and immunological processes in children. These results build on and expand research on the notion of allostatic load and develop a groundwork for developmental studies in this area.

Type
Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 23 , Issue 4: Allostatic Load: Part 2 , November 2011 , pp. 1139 - 1147
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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