Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:36:18.947Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Association between maternal adverse childhood experiences and mental health problems in offspring: An intergenerational study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2020

Satomi Doi Open the ORCID record for Satomi Doi [Opens in a new window] ,
Takeo Fujiwara Open the ORCID record for Takeo Fujiwara [Opens in a new window]  and
Aya Isumi
Satomi Doi*
Affiliation:
Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
Takeo Fujiwara
Affiliation:
Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
Aya Isumi
Affiliation:
Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Satomi Doi, Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-8519; E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health problems in adolescent offspring. Data were obtained from the population-based Kochi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (K-CHILD) study in 2016, and participants were 10,810 children in the fifth grade (3,144 pairs), eighth grade (3,497 pairs), and eleventh grade (4,169 pairs) living in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Mothers of participating children were asked about their ACEs, childhood social economic status, current mental and physical health, current social economic status, positive parenting behaviors, child maltreatment, marital status, and child behavior problems using the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire. Children reported their depressive symptoms using the Depression Self-Rating Scale. Children of mothers with a larger number of ACEs showed higher levels of behavior problems (p for trend <.001) and depressive symptoms (p for trend <.001), adjusting for potential confounders. In particular, maternal psychological distress mediated the association between maternal ACEs and child mental health. The adverse effects of maternal ACEs may have a direct intergenerational impact on behavior problems and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring. Further studies to elucidate possible mediators are needed.

Keywords

behavior problemsdepressionintergenerational effectsJapanmaternal adverse childhood experiences
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , August 2021 , pp. 1041 - 1058
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amemiya, A., Fujiwara, T., Murayama, H., Tani, Y., & Kondo, K. (2017). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Higher-Level Functional Limitations Among Older Japanese People: Results from the JAGES Study. Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 73, 261–266. doi:10.1093/gerona/glx097CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birleson, P. (1981). The validity of depressive disorder in childhood and the development of a self-rating scale: A research report. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 22, 73–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowers, K., Ding, L., Gregory, S., Yolton, K., Ji, H., Meyer, J., … Folger, A. (2018). Maternal distress and hair cortisol in pregnancy among women with elevated adverse childhood experiences. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 95, 145–148. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bureau, K. L. (2016). The recent employment unemployed situation. Retrieved from https://jsite.mhlw.go.jp/kochi-roudoukyoku/var/rev0/0110/9006/201742619289.pdfGoogle Scholar
Choi, Y., Kim, Y. S., Pekelnicky, D. D., & Kim, H. J. (2013). Preservation and modification of culture in family socialization: Development of parenting measures for Korean immigrant families. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4, 143. doi:10.1037/a0028772CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayborne, Z. M., Varin, M., & Colman, I. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Adolescent depression and long-term psychosocial outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58, 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.896CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coe, C. L., Kramer, M., Czéh, B., Gould, E., Reeves, A. J., Kirschbaum, C., & Fuchs, E. (2003). Prenatal stress diminishes neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of juvenile rhesus monkeys. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1025–1034. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00698-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). In Hillsdale, N. (Ed.).Google Scholar
Cohen, J. A., & Mannarino, A. P. (2008). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for children and parents. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 13, 158–162. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00502.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Compas, B. E., Forehand, R., Keller, G., Champion, J. E., Rakow, A., Reeslund, K. L., … Cole, D. A. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of a family cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for children of depressed parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1007. doi:10.1037/a0016930CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782–786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doi, S., & Fujiwara, T. (2019). Combined effect of adverse childhood experiences and young age on self-harm ideation among postpartum women in Japan. Journal of Affective Disorders, 253, 410–418. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.079CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emsley, R. A., Liu, H., Dunn, G., Valeri, L., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2014). Paramed: A command to perform causal mediation analysis using parametric models. Stata Journal, e20180023.Google Scholar
Enlow, M. B., Devick, K. L., Brunst, K. J., Lipton, L. R., Coull, B. A., & Wright, R. J. (2017). Maternal Lifetime Trauma Exposure, Prenatal Cortisol, and Infant Negative Affectivity. Infancy, 22, 492–513. doi:10.1111/infa.12176CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., … Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. (2015). A revised inventory of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Child Abuse and Neglect, 48, 13–21. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flom, J. D., Chiu, Y. M., Hsu, H. L., Devick, K. L., Brunst, K. J., Campbell, R., … Wright, R. J. (2018). Maternal Lifetime Trauma and Birthweight: Effect Modification by In Utero Cortisol and Child Sex. Journal of Pediatrics, 203, 301–308. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.069CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folger, A. T., Eismann, E. A., Stephenson, N. B., Shapiro, R. A., Macaluso, M., Brownrigg, M. E., & Gillespie, R. J. (2018). Parental adverse childhood experiences and offspring development at 2 years of age. Pediatrics, 141, e20172826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujiwara, T., Kawakami, N. & World Mental Health Japan Survey, G. (2011). Association of childhood adversities with the first onset of mental disorders in Japan: Results from the World Mental Health Japan, 2002-2004. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 481–487. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.08.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furukawa, T. A., Kawakami, N., Saitoh, M., Ono, Y., Nakane, Y., Nakamura, Y., … Kikkawa, T. (2008). The performance of the Japanese version of the K6 and K10 in the World Mental Health Survey Japan. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 17, 152–158. doi:10.1002/mpr.257CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glover, V., O'Connor, T. G., & O'Donnell, K. (2010). Prenatal stress and the programming of the HPA axis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P. A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 113–123. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardt, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 260–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillis, S. D., Anda, R. F., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Marchbanks, P. A., & Marks, J. S. (2004). The association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent pregnancy, long-term psychosocial consequences, and fetal death. Pediatrics, 113, 320–327. doi:10.1542/peds.113.2.320CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424–453. doi:1082-989X/98/J3.00CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, H., Yan, P., Shan, Z., Chen, S., Li, M., Luo, C., … Liu, L. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism, 64, 1408–1418. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.08.019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., … Dunne, M. P. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2, e356–e366. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishii, T., Asukai, N., Konishi, T., Inamoto, E., & Kageyama, H. (2002). Mental health effects of child sexual victimization in Japan. Japanese Journal of Mental Health, 15, 23–28.Google Scholar
Isumi, A., & Fujiwara, T. (2016). Association of adverse childhood experiences with shaking and smothering behaviors among Japanese caregivers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 57, 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.05.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakubowski, K. P., Cundiff, J. M., & Matthews, K. A. (2018). Cumulative childhood adversity and adult cardiometabolic disease: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 37, 701–715. doi:10.1037/hea0000637CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kallapiran, K., Koo, S., Kirubakaran, R., & Hancock, K. (2015). Effectiveness of mindfulness in improving mental health symptoms of children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20, 182–194. doi:10.1111/camh.12113CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawakami, N., Abdulghani, E. A., Alonso, J., Bromet, E. J., Bruffaerts, R., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., … Kessler, R. C. (2012). Early-life mental disorders and adult household income in the World Mental Health Surveys. Biological Psychiatry, 72, 237. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 184–189. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le-Scherban, F., Wang, X., Boyle-Steed, K. H., & Pachter, L. M. (2018). Intergenerational Associations of Parent Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Health Outcomes. Pediatrics, 141), doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4274CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Letourneau, N., Dewey, D., Kaplan, B. J., Ntanda, H., Novick, J., Thomas, J. C., … Team, A. P. S. (2019). Intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences via maternal depression and anxiety and moderation by child sex. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 10, 88–99. doi:10.1017/S2040174418000648CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Letourneau, N. L., Duffett-Leger, L., Levac, L., Watson, B., & Young-Morris, C. (2013). Socioeconomic status and child development: A meta-analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 21, 211–224. doi:10.1177/1063426611421007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S., Zhao, F., & Yu, G. (2019). Childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence victimization: A meta-analysis. Child Abuse and Neglect, 88, 212–224. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lytle, L. A., Varnell, S., Murray, D. M., Story, M., Perry, C., Birnbaum, A. S., & Kubik, M. Y. (2003). Predicting adolescents’ intake of fruits and vegetables. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 35, 170–178. doi:10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60331-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madigan, S., Wade, M., Plamondon, A., Maguire, J. L., & Jenkins, J. M. (2017). Maternal Adverse Childhood Experience and Infant Health: Biomedical and Psychosocial Risks as Intermediary Mechanisms. Journal of Pediatrics, 187, 282–289 e281. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.052CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mair, C., Cunradi, C. B., & Todd, M. (2012). Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence: Testing psychosocial mediational pathways among couples. Annals of Epidemiology, 22, 832–839. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.09.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsuishi, T., Nagano, M., Araki, Y., Tanaka, Y., Iwasaki, M., Yamashita, Y., … Kakuma, T. (2008). Scale properties of the Japanese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): A study of infant and school children in community samples. Brain and Development, 30, 410–415. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2007.12.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, S. W., Madigan, S., Racine, N., Benzies, K., Tomfohr, L., & Tough, S. (2019). Maternal adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and child behaviour at age 3: The all our families community cohort study. Preventive Medicine, 118, 286–294. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.11.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonnell, C. G., & Valentino, K. (2016). Intergenerational effects of childhood trauma: Evaluating pathways among maternal ACEs, perinatal depressive symptoms, and infant outcomes. Child Maltreatment, 21, 317–326. doi:10.1177/1077559516659556CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLeod, G. F., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2016). Adolescent depression, adult mental health and psychosocial outcomes at 30 and 35 years. Psychological Medicine, 46, 1401–1412. doi:10.1017/S0033291715002950CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murata, T., Shimizu, A., Mori, Y., & Oshima, S. (1996). Childhood depressive state in the school situation: Consideration from the Birleson's Scale. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 131–138.Google Scholar
Murphy, D. A. (2016). A parenting and self-care intervention for substance-using mothers: Promoting resilience among Israeli and Palestinian people. In & F, I. R. (Ed.), Mental health and addiction care in the Middle East (pp. 59–80). Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, D. A., Armistead, L., Payne, D. L., Marelich, W. D., & Herbeck, D. M. (2017). Pilot trial of a parenting and self-care intervention for HIV-positive mothers: The IMAGE program. AIDS Care, 29, 40–48. doi:10.1080/09540121.2016.1204416CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muzik, M., Rosenblum, K. L., Alfafara, E. A., Schuster, M. M., Miller, N. M., Waddell, R. M., & Kohler, E. S. (2015). Mom Power: Preliminary outcomes of a group intervention to improve mental health and parenting among high-risk mothers. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 18, 507–521. doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0490-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Najman, J. M., Williams, G. M., Nikles, J., Spence, S., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M., … Andersen, M. J. (2000). Mothers’ mental illness and child behavior problems: Cause-effect association or observation bias? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 592–602. doi:10.1097/00004583-200005000-00013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nazzari, S., Fearon, P., Rice, F., Dottori, N., Ciceri, F., Molteni, M., & Frigerio, A. (2019). Beyond the HPA-axis: Exploring maternal prenatal influences on birth outcomes and stress reactivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 101, 253–262. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.018CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012). The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 9, e1001349. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oberlander, T. F., Weinberg, J., Papsdorf, M., Grunau, R., Misri, S., & Devlin, A. M. (2008). Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses. Epigenetics, 3, 97–106. doi:10.4161/epi.3.2.6034CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Donnell, K. J., Glover, V., Jenkins, J., Browne, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Golding, J., & O'Connor, T. G. (2013). Prenatal maternal mood is associated with altered diurnal cortisol in adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38, 1630–1638. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.01.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orme, J. G., & Reis, J. (1991). Multiple regression with missing data. Journal of Social Service Research, 15, 61–91. doi:10.1300/J079v15n01_04CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, N., Atkin, A. J., Biddle, S. J., Gorely, T., & Edwardson, C. (2010). Parenting styles, family structure and adolescent dietary behaviour. Public Health Nutrition, 13, 1245–1253. doi:10.1017/S1368980009992217CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Racine, N., Madigan, S., Plamondon, A., Hetherington, E., McDonald, S., & Tough, S. (2018). Maternal adverse childhood experiences and antepartum risks: The moderating role of social support. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 21, 663–670. doi:10.1007/s00737-018-0826-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, A. L., Chen, Y., Slopen, N., McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., & Austin, S. B. (2015). Maternal Experience of Abuse in Childhood and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescent and Adult Offspring: A 21-Year Longitudinal Study. Depression and Anxiety, 32, 709–719. doi:10.1002/da.22395CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sato, H., & Arai, K. (2002). The investigation of factor structure and normative data for Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS) Japanese version. Bulletin of Tsukuba Developmental and Clinical Psychology, 14, 85–91.Google Scholar
Schickedanz, A., Halfon, N., Sastry, N., & Chung, P. J. (2018). Parents’ adverse childhood experiences and their children's behavioral health problems. Pediatrics, 142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strohschein, L. (2012). Parental divorce and child mental health: Accounting for predisruption differences. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 53, 489–502. doi:10.1080/10502556.2012.682903CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, J. C., Magel, C., Tomfohr-Madsen, L., Madigan, S., Letourneau, N., Campbell, T. S., & Giesbrecht, G. F. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences and HPA axis function in pregnant women. Hormones and Behavior, 102, 10–22. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tokunaga, M., Ohara, M., Kayama, M., Yoshimura, K., Mitsuhashi, J., & Senoo, E. (2000). Survey of child maltreatment among general population in Greater Tokyo. Kosei no Shihyo, 47, 3–10.Google Scholar
Tyrka, A. R., Ridout, K. K., & Parade, S. H. (2016). Childhood adversity and epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid signaling genes: Associations in children and adults. Development and Psychopathology, 28, 1319–1331. doi:10.1017/S0954579416000870CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Lippevelde, W., Te Velde, S. J., Verloigne, M., Van Stralen, M. M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Manios, Y., … Maes, L. (2013). Associations between family-related factors, breakfast consumption and BMI among 10-to 12-year-old European children: The cross-sectional ENERGY-study. PLoS One, 8, e79550. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079550CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, M. M., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Warner, V., Verdeli, H., Pilowsky, D. J., … Bruder, G. (2005). Families at high and low risk for depression: A 3-generation study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 29–36. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.1.29CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Widom, C. S., & Morris, S. (1997). Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization, part 2: Childhood sexual abuse. Psychological Assessment, 9, 34–46. doi:1040-3590/97/53.00CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widom, C. S., & Shepard, R. L. (1996). Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization: Part 1. Childhood physical abuse. Psychological Assessment, 8, 412–421. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.412CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshihama, M., & Horrocks, J. (2010). Risk of intimate partner violence: Role of childhood sexual abuse and sexual initiation in women in Japan. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 28–37. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Doi et al. supplementary material

Doi et al. supplementary material 1

Download Doi et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 307.2 KB
Supplementary material: File

Doi et al. supplementary material

Doi et al. supplementary material 2

Download Doi et al. supplementary material(File)
File 92.1 KB