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A neuroscience perspective on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2015

Elizabeth C. Victor  and
Ahmad R. Hariri
Elizabeth C. Victor*
Affiliation:
Duke University
Ahmad R. Hariri
Affiliation:
Duke University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Elizabeth Victor, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, 417 Chapel Drive Box 90086, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0086; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Late adolescence and emerging adulthood (specifically ages 15–24) represent a period of heightened sexual risk taking resulting in the greatest annual rates of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies in the US population. Ongoing efforts to prevent such negative consequences are likely to benefit from a deepening of our understanding of biological mechanisms through which sexual risk taking emerges and biases decision making during this critical window. Here we present a neuroscience framework from which a mechanistic examination of sexual risk taking can be advanced. Specifically, we adapt the neurodevelopmental triadic model, which outlines how motivated behavior is governed by three systems: approach, avoidance, and regulation, to sexual decision making and subsequent risk behavior. We further propose a testable hypothesis of the triadic model, wherein relatively decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity and increased reward-related ventral striatum reactivity leads to sexual risk taking, which is particularly exaggerated during adolescence and young adulthood when there is an overexpression of dopaminergic neurons coupled with immature top-down prefrontal cortex regulation. We conclude by discussing how future research based on our adapted triadic model can inform ongoing efforts to improve intervention and prevention efforts.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , May 2016 , pp. 471 - 487
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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