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Genetic versus environmental influences on callous–unemotional traits in preadolescence: The role of parenting and parental psychopathology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2022

Samantha Perlstein ,
Samuel Hawes ,
Alexandra Y. Vazquez ,
Ileana Pacheco-Colón ,
Sarah Lehman ,
Justin Parent ,
Amy Byrd  and
Rebecca Waller Open the ORCID record for Rebecca Waller [Opens in a new window]
Samantha Perlstein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Samuel Hawes
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Alexandra Y. Vazquez
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Ileana Pacheco-Colón
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Sarah Lehman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Justin Parent
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Amy Byrd
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Rebecca Waller*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Rebecca Waller, email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Children with callous–unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for severe conduct problems. While CU traits are moderately heritable, parenting also predicts risk. However, few studies have investigated whether parenting factors (e.g., acceptance, conflict, parental psychopathology) moderate the etiology of CU traits, while accounting for gene–environment correlations. To address this knowledge gap, we used data from 772 twin pairs from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study to test bivariate models that explored overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and child reports of their parenting environment. We also used gene-by-environment interaction models to test whether parenting moderated genetic versus environmental influences. There were no overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and parental acceptance, but modest genetic and non-shared environmental overlap between CU traits and family conflict. Parental acceptance and psychopathology moderated non-shared environmental influences, with stronger non-shared environmental influences on CU traits among children who experienced lower parental acceptance and greater parental psychopathology. Family conflict only moderated environmental influences when models did not covary for conduct problems. Parental acceptance and parental psychopathology may be specific environmental protective and risk factors for CU traits, whereas family conflict may represent a general environmental risk factor for both CU traits and conduct problems.

Keywords

callous–unemotional traitsenvironmentetiologygeneticsparentingtwin study
Type
Special Issue Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 5: Special Section: Leveraging Genetically Informative Study Designs to Understand the Development and Familial Transmission of Psychopathology , December 2022 , pp. 1686 - 1701
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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