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Epigenetic regulation of cognition: A circumscribed review of the field

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2016

Elena L. Grigorenko ,
Sergey A. Kornilov  and
Oksana Yu. Naumova
Elena L. Grigorenko*
Affiliation:
Baylor College of Medicine St. Petersburg State University University of Houston Yale University
Sergey A. Kornilov
Affiliation:
Baylor College of Medicine St. Petersburg State University University of Houston
Oksana Yu. Naumova
Affiliation:
St. Petersburg State University University of Houston
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Elena L. Grigorenko, University of Houston, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics/Center for Advanced Computing & Data Systems, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77024; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

The last decade has been marked by an increased interest in relating epigenetic mechanisms to complex human behaviors, although this interest has not been balanced, accentuating various types of affective and primarily ignoring cognitive functioning. Recent animal model data support the view that epigenetic processes play a role in learning and memory consolidation and help transmit acquired memories even across generations. In this review, we provide an overview of various types of epigenetic mechanisms in the brain (DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA action) and discuss their impact proximally on gene transcription, protein synthesis, and synaptic plasticity and distally on learning, memory, and other cognitive functions. Of particular importance are observations that neuronal activation regulates the dynamics of the epigenome's functioning under precise timing, with subsequent alterations in the gene expression profile. In turn, epigenetic regulation impacts neuronal action, closing the circle and substantiating the signaling pathways that underlie, at least partially, learning, memory, and other cognitive processes.

Type
Special Section Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 28 , Special Issue 4pt2: Epigenetics: Development, Psychopathology, Resilience, and Preventive Intervention , November 2016 , pp. 1285 - 1304
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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