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Dysplasticity, metaplasticity, and schizophrenia: Implications for risk, illness, and novel interventions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2015

Matcheri S. Keshavan ,
Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta ,
Jaya L. Padmanabhan  and
Jai L. Shah
Matcheri S. Keshavan*
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
Jaya L. Padmanabhan
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Jai L. Shah
Affiliation:
McGill University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Matcheri S. Keshavan, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Room 610, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

In this paper, we review the history of the concept of neuroplasticity as it relates to the understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders, using schizophrenia as a case in point. We briefly review the myriad meanings of the term neuroplasticity, and its neuroscientific basis. We then review the evidence for aberrant neuroplasticity and metaplasticity associated with schizophrenia as well as the risk for developing this illness, and discuss the implications of such understanding for prevention and therapeutic interventions. We argue that the failure and/or altered timing of plasticity of critical brain circuits might underlie cognitive and deficit symptoms, and may also lead to aberrant plastic reorganization in other circuits, leading to affective dysregulation and eventually psychosis. This “dysplastic” model of schizophrenia can suggest testable etiology and treatment-relevant questions for the future.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 27 , Special Issue 2: Neural Plasticity, Sensitive Periods, and Psychopathology , May 2015 , pp. 615 - 635
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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