Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:21:51.939Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Post-Salvagism: Choreography and Its Discontents in the Occupied Palestinian Territories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Nicholas Rowe
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

While researching dance within the Occupied Palestinian Territories, comments made by the choreographers of local performance troupes resonated in my mind because they exemplify how foreign hegemony controls notions of modernity. The first was a lament: “But can't they understand that this is our contemporary dance?” It followed the rejection of the group's application to a European contemporary dance festival, on the basis that their dance production was not contemporary enough and that it would be better suited to a folkloric festival. For those engaged in creative innovation in dance, this rebuke can feel like being sent to a home for the elderly: packed off to a place where everybody dances in circles, reminiscing about the glorious golden past of their own particular civilization. The second comment cropped up in numerous conversations with local dance practitioners and audiences: “I don't like the modern dance.” This comment was generally directed at any foreign or local dance production that did not fit within nostalgically imagined impressions of dance in times gone by.

Type
Articles
Information
Dance Research Journal , Volume 41 , Issue 1 , Summer 2009 , pp. 45 - 68
Copyright
Copyright © Congress on Research in Dance 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Abdel-Malik, Anuoar. 1981. Social Dialectics, Vol. 1. Translated by Gonzalez, Mike. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Abu Deeb, Kamal. 2000. “The Collapse of Totalizing Discourse and the Rise of Marginalized/Minority Discourses.” In Tradition, Modernity and Postmodernity in Arabic Literature, edited by Abdel-Malek, Kamal and Hallaq, Wael, 135–66. Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Abu Hadba, Abdel-Azziz. 1994. “Firaq El-Funoun Ash-Shabiyyeh al-Filistiniyyah” [Examining Popular Palestinian Folk Dances]. At-Turath wa-'l Mujtama [Society and Heritage] 24: 55–84.Google Scholar
Abu Hashhash, Mahmoud. 2006. “The New Generation of Palestinian Artists: A Phenomenon that Remains Unnamed.” This Week in Palestine, July 1. Available online at http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=1771&ed=116&edid=116.Google Scholar
Abu Lughod, Ibrahim. 1981. “The Pitfalls of Palestiniology: A Review Essay.” Arab Studies Quarterly 3: 403–11.Google Scholar
Adonis. 1980. Fatiha li-nihayat al-qarn [Beginning of the End of the Century]. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Awdeh.Google Scholar
Akbar, Ahmed. 1992. Postmodernism and Islam: Predicament and Promise. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Al Aref, Aref. 1944. Bedouin Love, Law and Legend. Jerusalem: Cosmos.Google Scholar
Al-Awwad, Suhad. 1983. “Al-Dabkeh” [The Dabkeh]. In Dirisat fi al-fulklur al-Filistini [Studies in Palestinian Folklore], 100–103. Amman, Jordan: Palestine Liberation Organization, Department of Media and Culture.Google Scholar
Alqam, Nabil. 1977. “Mahrajan al-zajal al-shabi al-Filistini.” [Introduction to Folklore]. At-Turath wa-'l Mujtama [Society and Heritage] 9: 95–97.Google Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at Large. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Baldensperger, Philip J. 1913. The Immovable East. London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barghouthi, Abdel-Latif. 1994. “Palestinian Folk Heritage: Roots and Characteristics.” In Folk Heritage of Palestine, edited by Kanaana, Sherif, 19–46. Ramallah, Palestine: Al-Shark.Google Scholar
Barghouti, Omar. 2004a. “Evolutionary Dance of the Oppressed: Rooted, Contemporary and Communicative.” In Choreographic Encounters, Vol. 2, edited by Brady, Mary, 15–32. Cork, Ireland: Institute for Choreography and Dance.Google Scholar
Barghouti, Omar. 2004b. “Dancing Tragedies and Dreams.” Daily Star News, October 27.Google Scholar
Bar-Joseph, Uri. 1987. The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Barnard, Alan. 2000. History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Thea Nerissa. 2005. “It's Not Dance—It's Life.” The Guardian, March 14. Retrieved April 20, 2006, from http://arts.guardian.co.Uk/features/story/o,,1436987,00.html.Google Scholar
Belting, Hans. 1987. The End of the History of Art. Translated by Wood, Christopher S.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bhabha, Homi. 1994. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bharucha, Rustom. 1993. Theatre and the World. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Biran, Avraham. 2003. “The Dancer from Dan.” Near Eastern Archaeology 66 (3): 128–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blacking, John. 1973. How Musical Is Man? Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Blackmore, Susan. 1999. The Meme Machine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Booth, Gregory, and Kuhn, Terry Lee. 1990. “Economic and Transmission Factors as Essential Elements in the Definition of Folk, Art and Pop Music.” Musical Quarterly 74 (3): 411–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckland, Teresa. 1999. “All Dances Are Ethnic, But Some Are More Ethnic Than Others: Some Observations on Dance Studies and Anthropology.” Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research 17 (1): 3–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckland, Teresa, ed. 2006. Dancing from Past to Present: Nation, Culture, Identities. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Buonaventura, Wendy. 1990. The Serpent of the Nile: Women and Dance in the Arab World. New York: Interlink Books.Google Scholar
Canaan, Tawfiq. 1927. Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine. London: Luzac.Google Scholar
Carroll, Noel. 1988. “Anti-Illusionism in Modern and Postmodern Art.” Leonardo 21 (3): 297–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakravorty, Pallabi. 2000. “From Interculturalism to Historicism: Reflections on Classical Indian Dance.” Dance Research Journal 32 (2): 108–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chatterjee, Partha. 1993. The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Post-Colonial Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Childers, Erskine. 1961. “The Other Exodus.” Spectator, May 12.Google Scholar
Childers, Erskine. 1971. “The Wordless Wish: From Citizens to Refugees.” In The Transformation of Palestine, edited by Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim, 165–202. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Chin, Daryl. 1989. “Interculturalism, Postmodernism, Pluralism.” Performing Arts Journal 11 (3): 163–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clifford, James, and Marcus, George. 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clifford, James. 1987. “Of Other Peoples: Beyond the ‘Salvage’ Paradigm.” In Discussions in Contemporary Culture, edited by Foster, Hal, 120–30. Seattle, WA: Bay Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Selma Jeanne. 1982. Next Week, Swan Lake. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Crowther, Paul. 2004. “Defining Art, Defending the Canon, Contesting Culture.” British Journal of Aesthetics 44 (4): 361–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crush, Jonathon. 1995. The Power of Development. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Danto, Arthur. 1964. “The Artworld.” Journal of Philosophy 61: 571–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danto, Arthur. 1997. After the End of Art. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dawkins, Richard. 1976. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dennet, Daniel. 1995. Darwin's Dangerous Idea. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Desmond, Jane C. 2001. “Dancing Out the Difference: Cultural Imperialism and Ruth St. Denis's Rhada of 1906.” In Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader, edited by Dils, Ann and Albright, Ann Cooper, 256–71. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Dickie, George. 1969. “Defining Art.” American Philosophical Quarterly 6: 254.Google Scholar
Dickie, George. 1974. Art and Aesthetic: An Institutional Analysis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Dils, Ann, and Albright, Ann Cooper. 2001. “Looking at World Dance.” In Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader, edited by Dils, Ann and Albright, Ann Cooper, 92–96. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Doolittle, Lisa, and Elton, Heather. 2001. “Medicine of the Brave: A Look at the Changing Role of Dance in Native Culture from the Buffalo Days to the Modern Powwow.” In Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader, edited by Dils, Ann and Albright, Ann Cooper, 114–27. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Doumani, Bashir. 1992. “Rediscovering Ottoman Palestine: Writing Palestinians into History.” Journal of Palestine Studies 21 (2): 5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, Robin, Knight, Chris, and Power, Camilla, eds. 1999. The Evolution of Culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eagleton, Terry. 1991. Ideology: An introduction. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Laura. 2001. “National Erotica: The Politics of ‘Traditional’ Dance in Tanzania.” Drama Review 45 (1): 153–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fanon, Frantz. 1963/1986. The Wretched of the Earth. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Farnell, Brenda. 1995. Do You See What I Mean? Plains Indian Sign Talk and the Embodiment of Action. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Flapan, Simha. 1987. The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Foster, Hal, Krauss, Rosalind, Bois, Yves-Alain, and Buchloh, Benjamin. 2004. Art Since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1994. “What Is Enlightenment?” Translated by Hurley, R.. In Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, edited by Rabinow, P., 303–19. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Fraleigh, Sondra Horton. 1999. “Family Resemblance.” In Researching Dance: Evolving Modes of Enquiry, edited by Fraleigh, Sondra Horton and Hanstein, Penelope, 3–21. London: Dance Books.Google Scholar
Franko, Mark. 1995. Dancing Modernism/Performing Politics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Freire, Paolo. 1972. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Garcia Canclini, Nestor. 1995. Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Translated by Chiappari, Christopher and Lopez, Silvia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Gerber, Haim. 2003. “Zionism, Orientalism and the Palestinians.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33 (1): 23–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giurchescu, Anca. 1986. “European Perspectives in Structural Analysis of Dance.” In Dance: A Multicultural Perspective, edited by Adshead, J., 33–48. Guildford, UK: Dance Research Unit, National Resource Centre for Dance.Google Scholar
Godiwala, Dimple. 2003. “Hybridised Identity as Counter-Discursive Strategy: A Genealogy of British-Asian Culture and Its Postcolonial Theatres.” South Asian Popular Culture 1 (1): 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Nelson. 1968. Languages of Art. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril.Google Scholar
Gramsci, Antonio. 1946/1985. Selections from Cultural Writings. Translated by Boelhower, William. Edited by Forgacs, David and Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. London: Lawrence and Wishart.Google Scholar
Grau, Andree. 1992. “Intercultural Research in the Performing Arts.” Dance Research 10: 3–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grau, Andree. 1998. “Myths of Origin.” In Routledge Dance Studies Reader, edited by Carter, A., 197–202. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Greenburg, Clement. 1989. “The New Sculpture.” In The Collected Essays and Criticism: Arrogant Purpose, 1945–1949, edited by O'Brian, J., 313–19. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Grove, Lilly. 1895. Dancing: A Handbook of the Terpsichorean Arts in Diverse Places and Times, Savage and Civilized. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Hadawi, Sami. 1979. Bitter Harvest: Palestine 1914–1979. Delmar, NY: Caravan BooksGoogle Scholar
Halbrook, Stephen. 1981. “The Alienation of a Homeland: How Palestine became Israel.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 5 (4): 357–74.Google Scholar
Hall, Stuart, ed. 1992. Formations of Modernity. Cambridge: Open University.Google Scholar
Hanna, Judith Lynne. 1979. To Dance Is Human: A Theory of Non-Verbal Communication. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, Jane Ellen. 1913. “Ancient Art and Ritual.” Home University Library of Modern Knowledge 8: 256.Google Scholar
Hart, Lynn. 1991. ‘Aesthetic Pluralism and Multicultural Art Education.” Studies in Art Education 32 (3): 145–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Ranger, Terence, eds. 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hoerburger, Felix. 1968. “Once Again the Concept of Folk Dance.” Journal of International Folk Music Council 20: 30–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofstadter, Richard. 1944. Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingber, Judith Brin. 1974. “Shorashim: The Roots of Israeli Folk Dance.” Dance Perspectives 59: 3–60.Google Scholar
Jewell, Melinda Rose. 2004. “Dance and Postcolonialism in Mardi McConnochie's the Snow Queen.” Journal of Australian Studies 80: 77.Google Scholar
Kadman, Gurit. 1952. “Yemenite Dances and Their Influence on the New Israeli Dances.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council 4: 27–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadman, Gurit. 1960. “The Creative Process in Present-Day Israeli Dances.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council 12: 85–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadman, Gurit. 1975. “Folk Dance in Israel.” In Ha-Rikud. The Jewish Dance, edited by Berk, F., 26–31. New York: American Zionist Youth Foundation and Union of American Hebrew Congregations.Google Scholar
Kaeppler, Adrienne. 1978. “Dance in Anthropological Perspective.” Annual Review of Anthropology 7: 31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaeppler, Adrienne. 1989. “Dance.” In International Encyclopedia of Communications Vol. 1, edited by Barnouw, E., 450–54. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kaeppler, Adrienne. 1993. Poetry in Motion: Studies of Tongan Dance. Tonga: Vava'u Press.Google Scholar
Kaeppler, Adrienne. 2000. “Dance Ethnology and the Anthropology of Dance.” Dance Research Journal 32 (1): 116–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanaana, Sherif. 1994. “Introduction: Palestinian National Identity and the Palestinian Folklore Movement.” In Folk Heritage of Palestine, edited by Kanaana, Sherif, 1–15. Ramallah, Palestine: Al-Shark.Google Scholar
Kanaana, Sherif. 2000. Still on Vacation! The Eviction of the Palestinians in 1948. Jerusalem: Shaml.Google Scholar
Kaschl, Elke. 2003. Dance and Authenticity in Israel and Palestine: Performing the Nation. Boston: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, Ayalah. 1951. “Indigenous and Imported Elements in the New Folkdance in Israel.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council 3: 55–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kealiinohomoku, Joann. 1970. “An Anthropologist Looks at Ballet as a Form of Ethnic Dance.” In Impulse 1969–1970, edited by Van Tuyl, M., 24–33. San Francisco: Impulse Publications.Google Scholar
Khalidi, Rashid. 1998. Palestinian Identity. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Khalidi, Walid. 1959. “What Made the Palestinians Leave?” Middle East Forum 35 (7): 21–24.Google Scholar
Khalidi, Walid, ed. 1978. From Haven to Conquest. Beirut: Institute for Palestinian Studies.Google Scholar
Kimche, Jon, and Kimche, David. 1960. Both Sides of the Hill: Britain and the Palestine War. London: Seeker and Warburg.Google Scholar
Kohn, Leo. 1961. “The Arab Refugees.” Spectator, June 16.Google Scholar
Lange, Roderyk. 1976. The Nature of Dance: An Anthropological Perspective. London: MacDonald and Evans.Google Scholar
Lapp, Nancy. 1989. “Cylinder Seals and Impressions of the Third Millennium B.C. from the Dead Sea Plain.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 273: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1963. Structural Anthropology. Translated by Jacobsen, C. and Schoepf, B. Grundfest. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Liep, John, ed. 2001. Locating Cultural Creativity. London: Pluto.Google Scholar
Lonsdale, Steven. 1981. Animals and the Origin of Dance. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Lorch, Nathaniel. 1961. The Edge of the Sword. New York: G. P. Putnam's.Google Scholar
Lyotard, Jean Francois. 1984. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Majid, Anouar. 2000. Unveiling Traditions: Postcolonial Islam in a Polycentric World. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Margolis, Joseph. 1981. “The Autographic Nature of the Dance.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 39: 419–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marranca, Bonnie, and Dasgupta, Gautam, eds. 1991. Interculturalism and Performance. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications.Google Scholar
Masalha, Nur. 1992. The Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of “Transfer” in Zionist Political Thought 1945–1948. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestinian Studies.Google Scholar
Matar, Nabil. 2000. “Two Journeys to Seventeenth Century Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies 29 (4): 37–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, Justin. 1990. The Population of Palestine: Population History and Statistics of the Late Ottoman Period and the Mandate. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFee, Graham. 1992. Understanding Dance. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Meduri, Avanthi. 1996. “Nation, Woman Representation: The Sutured History of the Devadasi and Her Dance.” PhD diss., New York University.Google Scholar
Mitchell, E. C. 1887. “The Bibliography of Exploration.” Old Testament Student 6 (10): 303–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Benny. 1988. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1948. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Benny. 1993. Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Benny. 1994. 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Benny. 1996. “The Israeli Press and the Qibya Operation, 1953.” Journal of Palestine Studies 25 (4): 40–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Benny. 2001. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict 1881–2001. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Murray, M. A. 1955. “Ancient and Modern Ritual Dances in the Near East.” Folklore 66 (4): 401–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muslih, Muhammad. 1988. The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nahachewsky, Andriy. 1995. “Participatory and Presentational Dance as Ethnochoreological Categories.” Dance Research Journal 27 (1): 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ness, Sally Ann. 1997. “Originality in the Postcolony: Choreographing the Neoethnic Body of Philippine Ballet.” Cultural Anthropology 12 (1): 64–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortiz, Fernando. 1940/1995. Cuban Counterpoint: Sugar and Tobacco. Translated by De Onis, Harriet. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Pappe, Ilan. 1988. Britain and the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1947–1951. London: St. Anthony's/MacMillan.Google Scholar
Pappe, Ilan. 1997. “Post-Zionist Critique on Israel and the Palestinians: Part III: Popular Culture.” Journal of Palestine Studies 26 (4): 60–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pappe, Ilan, ed. 1999. The Israel/Palestine Question. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pappe, Ilan. 2006. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine. Oxford: Oneworld.Google Scholar
Pavis, Patrice, ed. 1996. The Intercultural Performance Reader. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Peters, Joan. 1988. From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab Jewish Conflict over Palestine. Chicago: JKAP Publications.Google Scholar
Porath, Yehoshua. 1977. The Emergence of the Palestinian Arab National Movement, 1918–1929. London: Frank Kass.Google Scholar
Reed, Daniel. 2001. “Pop Goes the Sacred: Dan Mask Performance and Popular Culture in Postcolonial Cote d'Ivoire.” Africa Today 48 (4): 67–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, Nicholas. 2007. “Post-Salvagism: Cultural Interventions and Cultural Evolution in a Traumatised Community: Dance in the Central West Bank.” PhD diss., London Contemporary Dance School, University of Kent at Canterbury.Google Scholar
Rowe, Nicholas. 2008. “Dance Education in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony and Anti-Hegemony.” Research in Dance Education 9 (1): 3–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubidge, Sarah. 2002. “Identity in Flux: A Practice-Based Interrogation of the Ontology of the Open Dance Work.” In Dance and the Performative: A Choreological Perspective, Laban and Beyond, edited by Preston-Dunlop, V. and Sanchez-Colberg, A., 135–63. London: Verve.Google Scholar
Rust, Frances. 1969. Dance in Society. London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Sachs, Curt. 1937. The World History of the Dance. New York: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Sachs, Wolfgang, ed. 1992. The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. 1979. The Question of Palestine. New York: Times Books.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. 1983. The World, the Text, and the Critic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. 1993. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. 1996. Peace and Its Discontents: Essays on Palestine in the Middle East Peace Process. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Said, Edward, and Hitchens, Christopher, eds. 1988. Blaming the Victims. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Sasagawa, Hideo. 2005. “Post/Colonial Discourses on the Cambodian Court Dance.” Southeast Asian Studies 42 (4): 418–41.Google Scholar
Sayigh, Rosemary. 1979. Palestinians: From Peasants to Revolutionaries. London: Zed Press.Google Scholar
Schectman, Joseph. 1952. The Arab Refugee Problem. New York: Philosophical Library.Google Scholar
Schulte-Sasse, Jochen. 1986. “Introduction. Modernity and Modernism, Postmodernity and Postmodernism: Framing the Issue.” Cultural Critique 5: 5–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segev, Tom. 1986. 1949: The First Israelis. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Segev, Tom. 2000. One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate. New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Shafir, Gershon. 1996. “Zionism and Colonialism: A Comparative Approach.” In Israel in Comparative Studies: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom, edited by Barnett, M., 227–44. New York: University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Shay, Anthony. 2002. Choreographic Politics: State Folk Dance Companies, Representation, and Power. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Shlaim, Avi. 1999. “The Debate about 1948.” In The Israel Palestine Question, edited by Pappe, Ilan, 171–92. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sklar, Deidre. 2001. “Five Premises for a Culturally Sensitive Approach to Dance.” In Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader, edited by Dils, A. and Albright, A. Cooper, 30–32. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Spalding, Susan Eike, and Woodside, Jane Harris, 1995. Communities in Motion: Dance, Community and Tradition in America's Southeast and Beyond. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Spoer, Hans. 1905. “A Fellah Wedding at Siloam.” Biblical World 26 (1): 7–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spoer, Hans. 1906. “Some Contributions to the Song of Songs: Suggested by Travel in Palestine.” American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 22 (4): 292–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spoer, Hans. 1910. “Notes on the Marriage Customs of the Bedu and Fellahin.” Folklore 21 (3): 270–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strother, Z. S. 2001. “Invention and Reinvention in the Traditional Arts.” In Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader, edited by Dils, A. and Albright, A. Cooper, 152–64. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Swedenburg, Ted. 1987. “Al-Qassam Remembered.” Journal of Comparative Poetics 7: 7–24.Google Scholar
Swedenburg, Ted. 1989. “Occupational Hazards: Palestine Ethnography.” Cultural Anthropology 4: 265–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swedenburg, Ted. 1990. “The Palestinian Peasant as National Signifier.” Anthropological Quarterly 63 (1): 18–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swedenburg, Ted. 1993. “The Role of the Palestinian Peasantry in the Great Revolt 1936–9.” In The Modern Middle East, edited by Hourani, Albert, Khoury, Philip S. and Wilson, Mary C., 467–502. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Swedenburg, Ted. 1995. “Prisoners of Love: With Genet in the Palestinian Field.” In Fieldwork under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival, edited by Nordstrum, Carolyn and Robben, Antonius, 25–40. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Taraki, Lisa. 1991. “The Development of Political Consciousness among Palestinians in the Occupied Territories, 1967–1987.” In Intifada: Palestine at the Crossroads, edited by Nassar, Jamal and Heacock, Roger, 53–71. New York: Birzeit University/Praeger.Google Scholar
Taylor, Diana. 1991. “Transculturating Transculturation.” Performing Arts Journal 13 (2): 90–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traugott, Joseph. 1992. “Native American Artists and the Postmodern Cultural Divide.” Art Journal 51 (3): 36–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tristram, Henry Baker. 1865. The Land of Israel: Journal of Travels in Palestine. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.Google Scholar
Tuhiwai-Smith, Linda. 1999. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago Press.Google Scholar
Van Unnik, W. C. 1964. “A Note on the Dance of Jesus in the ‘Acts of John.’” Vigiliae Christianae 18 (1): 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warner, Charles Dudley. 1877. In the Levant. Boston: James Osgood.Google Scholar
Wasserstein, Bernard. 1991. The British in Palestine: The Mandatory Government and the Arab-Jewish Conflict, 1917–1929. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Williams, Drid. 1976. Review of The Nature of Dance: An Anthropological Perspective, by R. Lange. Dance Research Journal 9 (1): 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Drid. 1991. Ten Lectures on Theories of Dance. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Drid. 1995. ‘An Appreciation (of Douglas Boynton's Work).” Journal for the Anthropological Study of Human Movement 8 (4): 174–89.Google Scholar
Williams, Drid. 2000. “The Cultural Appropriation of Dances and Ceremonies.” Visual Anthropology 13: 345–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Edward Osborne. 1975. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Young, Robert J. C. 2001. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Youngerman, Suzanne. 1974. “Curt Sachs and His Heritage: A Critical Review of World History of the Dance with a Survey of Recent Studies that Perpetuate His Ideas.” Congress on Research in Dance News 6 (2): 6–19.Google Scholar