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4 Ibid., 9.

5 Ibid., 11.

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11 Ibid.

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15 Ibid., 11.

16 Ibid., 10.

17 Ibid., 18.

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36 During the 1850s and 1860s, such hidden forms of extra-legal family formation were particularly associated with the middle and upper classes. See Agardh, C. A., Forsok tillen Statsekonomisk Slatistik öfver Sverige, 3, 2 (Stockholm, 1857), 200.Google Scholar

37 Private letters, Y. Mathson's archive, 1984; church records from St Nicholaus parish, 1858, (1860).Google Scholar

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43 Söderberg, Jonsson, and Persson, , Stagnating metropolis, 18.Google Scholar