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² The youngest brother of the ninth Earl of Northumberland, Henry Percy, George Percy served as president of the colony from August 1609 until mid-1610, and as deputy governor during the second charter.

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⁴ Ibid., at 1, 130.1 have retained the original spelling and punctuation in all quotations except to transpose ‘i’ and ‘j’ and ‘u’ and ‘v’ to correspond to modern usage. ‘And’ replaces the ampersand; ‘etc’ replaces ‘&c.’

⁵ Ibid.

⁶ Ibid.

⁷ Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers, Richard Hakluyt, and Edward Maria Wingfield.

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¹⁰ Ibid., 1, 28.

¹¹ Ibid., 1, 27. The ‘Letters patent’ state that the council in Virginia should have 13 councillors. Ibid., 1, 27. The ‘Articles, Instructions and Orders’ of 20 November 1606 state that the number of councillors ‘shal not be above thirteen’. Ibid., 1, 36. The Royal Council ultimately appointed seven councillors. See ibid., 2, 382. (This list of councillors does not include Christopher Newport who returned to England.)

¹² Ibid., 1, 49–54.

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²⁰ This paper does not address the attitude towards law of the Spanish settlers in the Americas. The Spaniards who attacked Dominica may have been pirates. Most certainly they were not planters whose goal was to establish their country's first colony in the New World.

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²⁵ The first charter was issued on 10 April 1606, the second on 23 May 1609, the third on 12 March 1612.

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⁴² Smith, , Relation, I, 35.Google Scholar If, as Reid suggests, ‘[w]e may gauge the strength of legal habit by considering the strength of social habit’, (Law for the elephant, 19), then the settlers' clinging to class distinctions may suggest the strength of legal habit in Jamestown.

⁴³ See, for instance, Elizabeth I's charter of 25 March 1584 to SirRaleigh, Walter in Commager, Henry Steele ed., Documents of American history (New York, 1944), 6.Google Scholar She granted Raleigh liberty to ‘discover… such remote, heathen and barbarous lands… not actually possessed by any Christian Prince’.

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⁵¹ In response to American conditions, the Virginia Company gradually sanctioned sterner laws. Its instructions of 1609 to Sir Thomas Gates, first deputy-governor, and later to Lord De La Warr, the governor, granted considerable discretion in regulating life in Virginia. These instructions enabled Sir Thomas Dale, the high marshall and acting governor, to promulgate martial laws in 1611. Because the colonists were at once both planters and soldiers, they often fell within the scope of these laws.

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⁸⁵ Smith, Martin and Ratcliffe accused Wingfield of removing goods from the storehouse ‘without any noat of the partycularyties’ and of trading unaccounted goods to the Indians. Wingfield, , ‘Discourse’, 221.Google Scholar See also Proceedings, 2, 417Google Scholar for a list of items traded privately.

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⁹⁵ Ibid., 73; The Proceedings, 2, 417–18, implies that the sailors should be punished.

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⁹⁷ I.e., mired in the wet mud of a river.

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¹⁰⁵ Baker, J. H., An introduction to English legal history (London, 1979), 263–90.Google Scholar

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¹⁰⁷ Smith, ‘had a customary schooling’ (Barbour, Works, 1, lvii).Google Scholar

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¹¹⁰ Ibid., 67. The presence of women obviously attracted the planters to the Indian camps.

¹¹¹ Ibid.

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¹¹⁴ The second charter of 1609 increased the grant to over one million square miles. Brown, , Genesis, 1, 229.Google Scholar

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