Little has been written about collaboration with the Nazi occupiers in eastern Europe. Using new material from former Soviet archives, the issue of the security police in Estonia is presented as a case study. The commander of the German security police deliberately set up a structure whereby German and Estonian police officers worked closely together, thereby minimising the need for German personnel. Although the security police dealt with the issues which were politically and ideologically the most important, non-Germans like Estonians were accepted as collaborators.

Enthusiastic youth volunteers were a common sight on Poland's ‘great building site of socialism’ of the Stalin era, the steelworks and new town of Nowa Huta. Paradoxically, however, the succesful mobilisation of youthful labour in Nowa Huta was accompanied by failure to socialise volunteers in their attitudes and behaviours after hours. Preferring jazz to mass songs and speak-easies to ‘red corners’, brigade members gained notoriety as ‘hooligans’, and many encountered difficulties adapting to ‘civilian’ life in the new town. The regime's inability to bridge the gulf between itself and Nowa Huta's youth volunteers, the author argues, reflects Polish Stalinism's critical failure to secure legitimacy among its potentially strongest supporters.

The article argues that the democratic international trade union federations developed a keen interest in European economic co-operation after 1922, at first rejecting economic nationalism and advocating free trade; then, from the late 1920s onwards, stressing the need for an organised European economy. Remarkably, however, when discussing social issues, unions emphasised the national or universal level, as opposed to the regional one.

When at Christmas 1933 the Belgian Workers' Party adopted the Plan de Man to guide its forward march to socialism, European critics of unfettered capitalist development listened carefully. Deeply worried by Hitler's legal rise to power, socialist activists and intellectuals were then searching for new answers to the crises of their day, and many believed that they had found a blueprint in the Plan. Inspired by the activist politician Hendrik de Man, a series of international plan conferences, assembling the entire spectrum of western European pro-socialist, non-Stalinist economists, met between September 1934 and October 1937. The changing nature of these debates exemplify the fate of European socialism in the mid-1930s, descending from optimistic belief in a democratic socialist future towards technocratic pragmatism in the space of thirty-seven months.

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Francine Friedman, The Bosnian Muslims: Denial of a Nation (Colorado: Westview Press, 1996), 288 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-8133-2096-8. Eric D. Gordy, The Culture of Power in Serbia: Nationalism and the Destruction of Alternatives (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999), 230 pp., $17.95, ISBN 0-271-01958-1. Lorraine M. Lees, Keeping Tito Afloat: The United States, Yugoslavia, and the Cold War (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997), 246 pp., $40, ISBN 0-271-01629-9. Reneo Lukic and Allen Lynch, Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Monographs, 1996), 436 pp., £35.00, ISBN 0-19-829200-7. Viktor Meier, Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise, trans. Sabrina Petra Ramet (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), 279 pp., £16.99, ISBN 0-415-18596-3. Aleksandar Pavkovic, The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans, 2nd edn (London and New York: Macmillan and St. Martin's Press, 2000), 243 pp., £42.50, ISBN 0-312-23084-2. Sabrina Petra Ramet, Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the Death of Tito to Ethnic War, 2nd edn (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996), 354 pp., $30.00, ISBN 0-8133-2559-5. Richard H. Ullman, ed., The World and Yugoslavia's Wars (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1996), 230 pp., $18.95, ISBN 0-87609-191-5. Susan L. Woodward, Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1995), 536 pp., $16.95, ISBN 0-8157-9513-0.

Kenneth Dyson, The Politics of the Euro-Zone. Stability or Breakdown? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 311 pp., ISBN 0-199-24164-3. Kenneth Dyson and Kevin Featherstone, The Road to Maastricht. Negotiating Economic and Monetary Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 860 pp., ISBN 0-198-28077-7. Peter Henning Loedel, Deutsche Mark Politics: Germany in the European Monetary System (London: Lynne Rienner, 2000), 264 pp., ISBN 1-555-87835-0. Kathleen R. McNamara, The Currency of Ideas: Monetary Politics in the European Union, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 200 pp., ISBN 0-801-43432-7. James I. Walsh, European Monetary Integration and Domestic Politics. Britain, France, and Italy (London: Lynne Rienner, 2000), 182 pp., ISBN 1-555-87823-7. Amy Verdun, European Responses to Globalisation and Financial Market Integration (London: Macmillan, 2000), 260 pp., ISBN 0-333-71708-2.