¹ Glaurdić, Josip, The Hour of Europe: Western Powers and the Breakup of Yugoslavia (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011), 1 Google Scholar . This review refers to ‘Bosnia-Herzegovina’ as ‘Bosnia’ for ease of reading, though specialist literature would usually still refer to ‘Bosnia-Herzegovina’ or the abbreviation ‘BiH’. Contemporary European History’s dictionary, Chambers, spells ‘peace building’ as two words, although in the context of post-conflict reconciliation and international intervention, ‘peacebuilding’ is now written as one word as standard.

² Power, Samantha, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide (London: Harper Perennial, 2003), 314 Google Scholar .

³ Daddow, Oliver, ‘“Tony’s War”: Blair, Kosovo and the Interventionist Impulse in British Foreign Policy’, International Affairs 85, 3 (2009), 547–560 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

⁴ For broader studies of the history of humanitarian intervention, see, for example, Bass, Gary, Freedom’s Battle: the Origins of Humanitarian Intervention (New York: Knopf, 2008)Google Scholar ; Fassin, Didier and Pandolfi, Mariella, eds., Contemporary States of Emergency: The Politics of Military and Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010)Google Scholar ; Barnett, Michael, Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011)Google Scholar ; Simms, Brendan and Trim, D. J. B., eds., Humanitarian Intervention: A History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Weizman, Eyal, The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza (London: Verso, 2012)Google Scholar ; Klose, Fabian, ed., The Emergence of Humanitarian Intervention: Ideas and Practice from the Nineteenth Century to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

⁵ Stokes, Gale, John Lampe and Dennison Rusinow with Julie Mostov, ‘Instant History: Understanding the Wars of Yugoslav Secession’, Slavic Review 55, 1 (1996), 136–160 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

⁶ See, for example, Pickering, Paula M., Peacebuilding in the Balkans: The View from the Ground Floor (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007)Google Scholar .

⁷ See, for example, Simms, Brendan, Unfinest Hour: Britain and the Destruction of Bosnia (London: Allen Lane, 2001)Google Scholar ; Coles, Kimberley, Democratic Designs: International Intervention and Electoral Practices in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

⁸ Stephen Saideman, ‘Beware of Officers Carrying Reading Lists’, Saideman’s Semi-Spew, 18 Apr. 2011, https://saideman.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/beware-of-officers-carrying-reading.html?m=0 (last accessed 24 May 2017).

⁹ Hayden, Robert M., From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans: Studies of a European Disunion, 1991–2011 (Leiden: Brill, 2013)Google Scholar ; Donia, Robert J., Radovan Karadžić: Architect of the Bosnian Genocide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)Google Scholar .

¹⁰ Donia, Karadžić, 2–6. The ICTY is hereafter ‘the Tribunal’, though specialist literature is more likely to use the acronym.

¹¹ Hayden, From Yugoslavia, 223. Hayden’s role was to offer testimony on the question of whether the Bosnian war had been a national or international conflict.

¹² Ibid., 117, 140–1.

¹³ Ibid., 241.

¹⁴ See Bećirević, Edina, Genocide on the Drina River (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

¹⁵ Donia, Karadžić, 18.

¹⁶ Hayden writes: ‘that mass slaughter may have put, finally, some accuracy into the charges of “genocide” that had been made since the very start of the conflict, thus turning “genocide” from politically-inspired label to self-fulfilling prophecy’, in From Yugoslavia, 141.

¹⁷ Axboe Nielsen, Christian, ‘Surmounting the Myopic Focus on Genocide: The Case of the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina’, Journal of Genocide Research 15, 1 (2013), 21–39 CrossRefGoogle Scholar , 21.

¹⁸ Hayden, From Yugoslavia, 387.

¹⁹ See Koenker, Diane P., ed., ‘Discussion: “Schindler’s Fate: Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Population Transfers”’, Slavic Review 55, 4 (1996), 727–778 Google Scholar , especially Hayden’s original article and the most critical response by Carol Lilly.

²⁰ Hayden, From Yugoslavia, xii.

²¹ See, for example, Lilly, Carol S., ‘Amoral Realism or Immoral Obfuscation?’, Slavic Review 55, 4 (1996), 749–754 CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Cushman, Thomas, ‘Anthropology and Genocide in the Balkans: An Analysis of Conceptual Practices of Power’, Anthropological Theory 4, 1 (2004), 5–28 CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Ramet, Sabrina P., Thinking About Yugoslavia: Scholarly Debates about the Yugoslav Breakup and the Wars in Bosnia and Kosovo (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

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²³ Kurspahić, Kemal, Prime Time Crime: Balkan Media in War and Peace (Washington DC: US Institute of Peace Press, 2003), 99 Google Scholar ; Hayden, From Yugoslavia, xvii.

²⁴ Hayden, From Yugoslavia, 77–8.

²⁵ Donia, Karadžić, 250.

²⁶ Ibid., 17.

²⁷ Andjelić, Bosnia-Herzegovina; Marko Attila Hoare, How Bosnia Armed (London: Saqi, 2004).

²⁸ Gow, James, The Serbian Project and its Adversaries: A Strategy of War Crimes (London: Hurst, 2003)Google Scholar ; Ashby Wilson, Richard, Writing History in International Criminal Trials (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

²⁹ Hayden, From Yugoslavia, 215.

³⁰ On Bosnia in this vein, see David Chandler, Bosnia: Faking Democracy after Dayton, 2nd ed. (London: Pluto, 1999).

³¹ See Mac Ginty, Roger and Richmond, Oliver, ‘The Local Turn in Peace Building: A Critical Agenda for Peace’, Third World Quarterly 34, 5 (2013), 763–783 CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Hughes, Caroline, Öjendal, Joakim and Schierenbeck, Isabell, eds., ‘The “Local Turn” in Peacebuilding: The Liberal Peace Challenged’, special issue of Third World Quarterly, 36, 5 (2015)Google Scholar .

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³³ Mac Ginty, International Peacebuilding, contains chapters on Afghanistan, Iraq, Bosnia, Lebanon and Northern Ireland. Bosnia represents a case of ‘hybrid statebuilding’ (134), where the legacies of wartime and pre-war (socialist Yugoslav) state building projects can be said to have hybridised with peacebuilders’ intentions for Bosnia at Dayton.

³⁴ Autesserre, Séverine, Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

³⁵ Skendaj, Elton, Creating Kosovo: International Oversight and the Making of Ethical Institutions (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Visoka, Gëzim, Peace Figuration after International Intervention: Intentions, Events and Consequences of Liberal Peacebuilding (London and New York: Routledge, 2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

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³⁷ Skendaj, Creating Kosovo, 41.

³⁸ Ibid., 49.

³⁹ Moore, Adam, Peacebuilding in Practice: Local Experience in Two Bosnian Towns (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

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⁴² See, for example, Jeffrey, Alex, ‘Building State Capacity in Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina: The case of Brčko District’, Political Geography 25, 2 (2006), 203–227 CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Dahlman, Carl and Tuathail, Gearóid Ó, ‘Bosnia’s Third Space?: Nationalist Separatism and International Supervision in Bosnia’s Brčko District’, Geopolitics 11, 4 (2006), 651–675 CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Natalya Clark, Janine, ‘Bosnia’s Success Story?: Brčko District and the “View from Below”’, International Peacekeeping 17, 1 (2010), 67–79 CrossRefGoogle Scholar , argues based on interviews with ten residents of Brčko in 2009 that the institutional ‘success’ of peacebuilding had not in itself produced the bonds of everyday inter-ethnic trust that one might have expected to find in a less ‘thin’, socially meaningful reconciliation (73).

⁴³ See, e.g., Armakolas, Ioannis, ‘The “Paradox” of Tuzla City: Explaining Non-Nationalist Local Politics During the Bosnian War’, Europe–Asia Studies 63, 2 (2011), 229–261 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

⁴⁴ Moore, Peacebuilding in Practice, 6.

⁴⁵ Ibid., 144–5.

⁴⁶ Ibid., 156–7.

⁴⁷ Ibid., 83.

⁴⁸ Autesserre, Peaceland, 118.

⁴⁹ Andrew Gilbert, ‘Foreign Authority and the Politics of Impartiality in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina’, PhD thesis, University of Chicago, 2008; Autesserre, Peaceland, 118.

⁵⁰ Footitt, Hilary and Kelly, Michael, eds., Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

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⁵² Jones and Askew, Meeting the Language Challenges, 23.

⁵³ Ibid., 45.

⁵⁴ Ibid., 57, 75.

⁵⁵ Ibid., 80.

⁵⁶ Jansen, Stef, Brković, Čarna and Čelebičić, Vanja, eds., Negotiating Social Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Semiperipheral Entanglements (London and New York: Routledge, 2017)Google Scholar .

⁵⁷ Cécile Jouhanneau, ‘The Discretion of Witnesses: War Camp Memories Between Politicisation and Civility’, in Jansen, Brković and Čelebičić, eds., Negotiating Social Relations, 31–45; Karla Koutková, ‘“The King is Naked”: Internationality, Informality and ko fol State-Building’, in Jansen, Brković and Čelebičić, eds., Negotiating Social Relations, 109–21.

⁵⁸ Bougarel, Xavier, Duijzings, Ger and Helms, Elissa, eds., The New Bosnian Mosaic: Identities, Memories, and Moral Claims in a Post-War Society (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007)Google Scholar ; Jansen, Brković and Čelebičić, ‘Introduction’, 10.

⁵⁹ Jansen, Brković and Čelebičić, ‘Introduction’, 10.

⁶⁰ Ibid., 11–15.

⁶¹ Ibid., 16.

⁶² Ibid., 17.

⁶³ Hayden, From Yugoslavia, 343–4.

⁶⁴ See Jansen, Stef, Yearnings in the Meantime: ‘Normal Lives’ and the State in a Sarajevo Apartment Complex (New York: Berghahn, 2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

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