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Values among Underdeveloped Marginals: the Case of Spanish Gypsies*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

Denis Goulet  and
Marco Walshok
Denis Goulet
Affiliation:
Center for the Study of Development and Social Change
Marco Walshok
Affiliation:
San Diego State College
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Extract

This essay is concerned with value perceptions of populations marginal to development. In accord with the usage found in United Nations documents, development here designates the move by a society toward self-sustaining economic growth and institutional modernization. Our interest centers on how marginals view the relationship between their own values and the images they have of visible benefits ordinarily associated with development—better housing and nutrition, easier access to jobs, schooling for all, and the like.

Type
Perception of Ethnic and Cultural Differences
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , October 1971 , pp. 451 - 472
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1971

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References

1 Cf. The United Nations Development Decade, Proposals for Action, Document No. E/3613, Sales No. 62 II B 2, and The United Nations Development Decade at Mid-Point, An Appraisal by the Secretary-General, Sales No. 65 I 26.

2 ‘Value’ is ‘any object or representation which is or can be perceived repeatedly as worthy of desire’. This is an adaptation of the definition used by Clyde Kluckhohn and others in ‘Values and Value Orientations in the Theory of Action’, Toward a General Theory of Action, edited by Talcott Parsons and Edward Shils, A., Harper Torchbooks, 1962, p. 395.Google Scholar

3 On this, cf. Denis Goulet, A., ‘Ethical Issues in Development’, Review of Social Economy, Vol. XXVI, No. 2 (Sept. 1968), 97–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4 An interesting exception from the pen of a development economist can be found in Higgins, Benjamin, Economic Development, Problems, Principles and Policies, Norton, rev. ed., 1968, p. 390.Google Scholar Also Steere's, Douglas V. ‘Development: For What?’ in Development for What?, edited by Hollowell, John H., Duke University Press, 1964, pp. 213–35Google Scholar; and Stanley, Manfred, ‘Social Development as a Normative Concept’, The Journal of Developing Areas I (April 1967), 307.Google Scholar

5 On this, cf. Goulet, Denis A., ‘Development for What?’, Comparative Political Studies, Vol. I, No. 2 (July 1968), 295–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 Cf. Theobald, Robert, ‘Needed: A New Development Philosophy’, International Development Review, March 1964, 21–6.Google Scholar

7 On this, cf. Goulet, Denis A., ‘The United States: A Case of Anti-Development’, Motive, January 1970, 6–13.Google Scholar

8 Cf. Aron, Raymond, ed., World Technology and Human Destiny, University of Michigan Press, 1963, pp. 37 ff., The Good Society’, and pp. 182-99 on ‘Industrial Society and the Good Life’.Google Scholar

9 Patch, Richard W., ’La Parada, Lima's Market’, American Universities Field Staff Reports, Vol. XIV, Nos. 1, 2, 3, all dated 1967.Google Scholar

10 Kluckhohn, , op. cit., p. 408.Google Scholar

11 Cf. Goulet, Denis A., ‘Progress Report: Research on Values in Development’. Indiana University, January 1968, Appendix C (Mimeo).Google Scholar

12 Dubos, René. Man Adapting, Yale University Press, 1965, passim.Google Scholar

13 Cf. Klineberg, Otto, Tensions Affecting Human Understanding, Social Science Research Council, 1950, passim.Google Scholar

14 LeVine, Robert A., ‘Outsiders’ Judgments: An Ethnographic Approach to Group Differences in Personality’, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 22, No. 2 (1966), 101–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

15 Cf. Yoors, Jan, The Gypsies, Simon and Schuster, 1967, pp. 48–50.Google Scholar

16 Structures of vulnerability are discussed at greater length in Goulet, Denis, The Cruel Choice, A New Concept in the Theory of Development, Atheneum, 1971.Google Scholar

17 The original version of this questionnaire appears as Appendix C in the complete report from which this essay is drawn. Cf. Goulet, Denis A. and Walshok, Marco, ‘Values Among Underdeveloped Marginals: Illustrative Notes on Spanish Gypsies’, unpublished monograph, Department of Government, Indiana University, June 1968, 82 pp.Google Scholar

18 On this, cf. Caillot, Robert, ‘L'Enquête-Participation à Economie et Humanisme’, reprinted in Cahiers De VInstitut Canadien D'Education Des Adultes, No. 3 (February 1967), 121–44.Google Scholar

19 On this, cf. Garfinkel, Harold, Studies in Ethnomethodology, Prentice-Hall, y, Chaps. 1 and 2.Google Scholar

20 On the Gypsy homeland, cf. Castella-Gassol, J., El Problema Gitano, Editorial ZYX, 1967, 37–40.Google Scholar

21 Cf. Rodgers, Carl R., ‘Toward a Modern Approach to Values: The Valuing Process in the Mature Person’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 68, No. 2 (1964), 160–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar