^{page 56 note 1} Baudhāyana Dharmasītra (Kasi Sanskrit Series, No. 104) (Benares, 1934), I. 10. 22.

^{page 56 note 2} I. 10. 25.

^{page 56 note 3} X. 5–6.

^{page 56 note 4} VIII. 140.

^{page 56 note 5} II. 41–2.

^{page 56 note 6} vṛddhistu yoktā dhānyasya vārdhuṣaṃ tadudāhṛtam, IV. 110, quoted in HDS, III, 417.

^{page 56 note 7} I. 107.

^{page 56 note 8} I. 109–10.

^{page 56 note 9} XI. 12.

^{page 56 note 10} XI. 2.

^{page 56 note 11} SBE, xxxiii, 320.

^{page 56 note 12} On Manu, VIII. 152.

^{page 56 note 13} Quoted in HDS, iii, 423, fn. 691.

^{page 56 note 14} Vas., II. 40.

^{page 56 note 15} Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra, I. 10. 25.

^{page 56 note 16} Vas., II. 46.

^{page 56 note 17} I. 10. 24.

^{page 56 note 18} I. 10. 26.

^{page 56 note 19} X. 5–6.

^{page 56 note 20} Gautama is considered to be one of the earliest lawgivers, if not the earliest. It has been shown by me elsewhere (Sūdras in Ancient India, Delhi, 1958, pp. 83–4) that he should be dated much later on the basis of his provisions on social matters. His regulations regarding debt confirm my earlier view, and it seems that these were interpolated into Gautama‧s law-book some time in Gupta or post-Gupta times. His enumeration of six kinds of interest are not found in any law-book earlier than that of Bṛhaspati, whose section on debt is the most developed. Again, his provision that a brāhmana can lend (money?) at interest is not found in this form in any early law-book; on the other hand it is found in post-Gupta texts which allow this to a brāhmana only in distress.

^{page 56 note 21} X. 117.

^{page 56 note 22} VIII. 410.

^{page 56 note 23} I. 1 1 1 .

^{page 56 note 24} Kātyāyana Smṛti, ed. and tr. P. V. Kane (Poona, Oriental Book Agency), I. 111, verse 423. Here the term dvija is taken by Kane as a member of three higher castes, but the word brāhmana would suit the context better.

^{page 59 note 25} Quoted in Vācaspatyam (Chowkhambamba Sanskrit Series), III, 2159.

^{page 59 note 26} Ibid.

^{page 59 note 27} Ibid.

^{page 59 note 28} Alberuni's India, ed. & tr., Sachau, Edward C. (London, 1910), II, 150Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 29} Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra, I. 10. 22.

^{page 59 note 30} XII. 29.

^{page 59 note 31} I. 10. 22.

^{page 59 note 32} XII. 29.

^{page 59 note 33} II. 51.

^{page 59 note 34} III. XI.

^{page 59 note 35} Manu, VIII. 140, Yaj., II. 37; Nar., I. 99; Bṛ., XI. 3.

^{page 60 note 36} HDS, III, 421.

^{page 60 note 37} Quoted in Caṇḍeśvara Ṭhakkura's Gṇhastharatnākara (Bibliotheca Indica) (Calcutta, 1928), p. 447.

^{page 60 note 38} HDS, III, 420–1.

^{page 60 note 39} AŚ, III. 11.

^{page 60 note 40} II. 38.

^{page 60 note 41} Mitākṣarā on Yāj., II. 38.

^{page 60 note 42} Verses 505–6.

^{page 60 note 43} I. 109.

^{page 60 note 44} II. 48.

^{page 61 note 45} Manu, VIII. 142; Viṣ., VI. 2; Yāj., II. 37; Nār., I. 100.

^{page 61 note 46} Ibid.

^{page 61 note 47} Sharma, R. S., Some Economic Aspects of the Caste System (Patna, 1952), pp. 16–21Google Scholar.

^{page 61 note 48} Sarasvatīvilāsa quoted in DK, I, 620.

^{page 61 note 49} Ibid.

^{page 61 note 50} SII, III, pt. 3, 237.

^{page 61 note 51} Ibid., 237.

^{page 61 note 52} 21. SII, III, pt. 3, 236.

^{page 61 note 53} Ibid., 237.

^{page 61 note 54} Ibid., 274.

^{page 62 note 55} SII, III , pt. 3, 273.

^{page 62 note 56} El, XI, 228–9.

^{page 62 note 57} puttakkam was the interest charged on 1 ilakkāsu for one month, and one ilakkasu was equal to 7puttakkam. SII, III, pt. 3, 239.

^{page 62 note 58} El, XII, 273.

^{page 62 note 59} Gṛhastharatnākara, p. 447.

^{page 62 note 60} Ibid.

^{page 62 note 61} Ed. and tr. E. Sachau, II, 150.

^{page 62 note 62} DK, I, 608.

^{page 63 note 63} Nar., I. 106–7

^{page 63 note 64} XIII. 24.

^{page 63 note 65} Manu, VIII, 155.

^{page 63 note 66} Verse 509.

^{page 63 note 67} XII. 34–5.

^{page 63 note 68} VIII. 156.

^{page 63 note 69} DK, I, 625.

^{page 63 note 70} XI. 4–9.

^{page 64 note 71} DK, I, 625.

^{page 64 note 72} II. 44–7.

^{page 64 note 73} XII. 36.

^{page 64 note 74} VIII. 151.

^{page 64 note 75} VI. 11–15

^{page 64 note 76} I. 106–7.

^{page 64 note 77} XI. 13–5.

^{page 65 note 78} Verse 510–2.

^{page 65 note 79} DK, I, 634.

^{page 65 note 80} VI. 16.

^{page 65 note 81} XI. 16.

^{page 65 note 82} DK, I, 609.

^{page 66 note 83} tule tu dvigunaṃ dhānyarn triguṇameva vardhate. DK, I, 608.

^{page 66 note 84} Vivādaratnākara quoted Ibid., 608–9.

^{page 66 note 85} Vivādacandra of Misarumiśra quoted Ibid. It seems that the principal is to be realised in addition to this.

^{page 66 note 86} Ibid.

^{page 66 note 87} Ibid.

^{page 66 note 88} cakrakālavṛddhiḥ kāritākāyikāśikhādhibhogaśca. XII. 31–2 quoted in DK, I, pt. 2, 607.

^{page 66 note 89} VIII. 154.

^{page 66 note 90} II. 87–89 quoted in DK, I, pt. 2, 624–5.

^{page 66 note 91} XI. 4–9.

^{page 67 note 92} Ibid.

^{page 67 note 93} XI. 11.

^{page 67 note 94} Verse 502.

^{page 67 note 95} Verse 503.

^{page 67 note 96} Verse 504.

^{page 67 note 97} DK, I, pt. 2, 625.

^{page 67 note 98} Ibid.

^{page 67 note 99} Ibid.

^{page 67 note 100} Ibid.

^{page 68 note 101} Ibid.

^{page 68 note 102} DK, I, pt. 2, 634.

^{page 68 note 103} Vivādaratnākara quoted Ibid.

^{page 68 note 104} kāyakarmaṇā saṃśodhyā. DK, I, pt. w, 616.

^{page 68 note 105} Ibid., 617.

^{page 68 note 106} Gautama-Mitākṣarā quoted Ibid., 607.

^{page 68 note 107} Ibid., 617.

^{page 68 note 108} kāyikā kāryakarmaṇā, DK, I, pt. 2, 635.

^{page 69 note 109} XI. I.

^{page 69 note 110} I. 129.

^{page 69 note 111} XI. 7–8.

^{page 69 note 112} Bṛ., XI. 72.

^{page 69 note 113} I. 128.

^{page 69 note 114} Bṛ., quoted in DK, I, pt. 2, 350.

^{page 69 note 115} IV. 127 (quoted in DK, I, pt. 2, 650).

^{page 69 note 116} I. 125.

^{page 69 note 117} XI. 7–8.

^{page 69 note 118} Verse 522.

^{page 69 note 119} XI. 34.

^{page 69 note 120} Bṛ., XI. 34.

^{page 69 note 121} Bṛ., XI. 23.

^{page 70 note 122} Verse 516.

^{page 70 note 123} XI. 32.

^{page 70 note 124} Ibid., XI. 33.

^{page 70 note 125} SBE, xxxiii. 73 fn.

^{page 70 note 126} DK, I, pt. 2, 658.

^{page 70 note 127} Ibid., 731.

^{page 70 note 128} El, xxv, no. I, 11, 10–21.

^{page 71 note 129} Ibid.

^{page 71 note 130} The meaning of the I. 19 is not clear, EI, XXV, p.3.

^{page 71 note 131} JASB, xix, 454–6.

^{page 71 note 132} EI, ix, 91–4.

^{page 71 note 133} SII, III, pt. 3, 227.

^{page 71 note 134} Ibid., 229.

^{page 71 note 135} SII, III, pt. 3, 273.

^{page 71 note 136} Ibid.

^{page 72 note 137} Ibid., 363.

^{page 72 note 138} SII, III, pt. 3, 263.

^{page 72 note 139} R.D.R. Sahni, El, xix, no. 7.

^{page 72 note 140} El, xix, no. 7.

^{page 72 note 141} Ibid., Document nos. II, IV, VIII & X.

^{page 72 note 142} Ibid., Document no. II.

^{page 72 note 143} Ibid., Document nos. IV and VIII.

^{page 72 note 144} Ibid.

^{page 73 note 145} Aś. III. 11.

^{page 73 note 146} Nār., I 108; Kātyā., verse 505.

^{page 73 note 147} Nār., I 109; Kātyā., verse 505.

^{page 73 note 148} Nār., II. 36.

^{page 73 note 149} Verse 508.

^{page 74 note 150} Verse 511. Here the term used is madya and not āsava as in verse 508.

^{page 74 note 151} II. 49.

^{page 74 note 152} Quoted in DK, I, pt. 2, 715.

^{page 74 note 153} Quoted in DK, I, pt. 2, 695.

^{page 74 note 154} Verse 591.

^{page 74 note 155} 155 Ibid., 724.

^{page 74 note 156} VIII. 176.

^{page 74 note 157} Manu, VIII. 177.

^{page 74 note 158} Ibid., VIII. 178.

^{page 75 note 159} Bẵ. quoted in DK, I, pt. 2, 707

^{page 75 note 160} Bẵ. quoted in Vivādaratnākara quoted Ibid. 726.

^{page 75 note 161} III. 11.

^{page 75 note 162} Gaut. XII. 33; Yāj. II 44.

^{page 75 note 163} Nā., I. 115.