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²⁴ Ibid., p. 15. After rejecting any relationship between charisma and totalitarian leadership, Friedrich found it necessary in 1965 to call Hitler a ‘pseudo-charismatic’ leader. See Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965, 2nd ed. p. 44.Google Scholar

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²⁶ This form of connection charisma is not identical with Edward Shils' ‘contact’ charisma, in the article mentioned above, because he extends charisma to any ‘vital forces’.

²⁷ For a discussion of legendary charisma in developing countries see the previously cited article by Reinhard Bendix.

²⁸ Neumann, Franz, Behemoth, New York: Oxford University Press. 1942, p. 85.Google Scholar

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³¹ See the comments by Bendix, Reinhard, Honigsheim, Paul and Lowenstein, Karl in Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Vol. 13, 1961, 258 ff.Google Scholar

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³⁶ Ibid., p. 116.

³⁷ Ibid., p. 120.

³⁸ Ibid., p. 127.

³⁹ Ibid., p. 106.

⁴⁰ Eruptive charismatic emotions take occasionally very strange forms. Witness the great enthusiasm of the politically active people in West Berlin for John F. Kennedy during his speech in 1963 as well as for General de Gaulle during his triumphal speaking tour in the major cities of West Germany in 1963.

⁴¹ Weber, Max, Gesammelte Politische Schriften, Tubingen: Mohr, 1958, pp. 520 ff.Google Scholar

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⁴⁵ ibid., pp. 280–1.

⁴⁶ Bendix, Reinhard, Max Weber—An Intellectual Portrait, New York: Doubleday, 1960, p. 457.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ In Weber's treatment we find no systematic distinction between faith and providential charisma. It was Hitler who was compelled to regard them as different subtypes. See Schweitzer, Arthur, ‘Hitler's Charisma’, Historische Zeitschrift, forthcoming.Google Scholar

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