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Scientific Patriotism: Medical Science and National Self-Fashioning in Southeast Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2012

Warwick Anderson  and
Hans Pols
Warwick Anderson*
Affiliation:
Department of History and Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, University of Sydney
Hans Pols
Affiliation:
Unit for History and Philosophy of Science, University of Sydney
*
[email protected]
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Extract

Physicians and scientists dominated the first generation of nationalists in at least three East Asian colonies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the Philippines under the Spanish and United States' regimes, the Dutch East Indies, and the Japanese territory of Taiwan. There is substantial evidence that, in each place, decolonization was yoked to scientific progress—not only in a practical sense, but symbolically too. The first generation to receive training in biological science and to become socialized as professionals used this education to imagine itself as eminently modern, progressive, and cosmopolitan. Their training gave them special authority in deploying organic metaphors of society and state, and made them deft in finding allegories of the human body and the body politic. These scientists and physicians saw themselves as representing universal laws, advancing natural knowledge, and engaging as equals with colleagues in Europe, Japan, and North America. Science gave them a new platform for communication. In the British Empire, for example in India and Malaya, medical science also proved influential, though it seems lawyers cognizant of precedent and tradition more often dominated decolonization movements. This essay will examine how scientific training shaped anti-colonialism and nationalism in the Philippines and the East Indies, concluding with a brief comparison of the situation in Taiwan.

Type
Research Article
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 93 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2012

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69 Prasenjit Duara points out that nationalism “meant the imposition of a modern Westernized figure of a rational, hygienic, and scientific subject in place of much that was meaningful to the people.” But he does not connect explicitly the biopolitical formations of the East Asian modern to biomedicine. Duara, Prasenjit, Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern (Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003), 19Google Scholar. It should be obvious now that our essay tries to negotiate a compromise between Weber and Foucault in relation to science and the nation-state.

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