This paper represents a revised version of a chapter of the author's Ph.D. Thesis entitled ‘Political Development and Social Policy in Latin America’ (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor). The author acknowledges the generous assistance provided by the Dept. of Political Science, University of Michigan for both Data Collection and Computer Analysis, as well as the keen interest and useful comments of Professor Samuel Barnes.

¹ See Almond, Gabriel and Powell, G. Bingham, Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. Boston: Little Brown & Co. (1966).Google Scholar

² Ocampo, Jose F. and Johnson, Dale, ‘The Concept of Political Development’ in Cockcroft, J., Frank, A. and Johnson, D. (eds.) Dependence and Underdevelopment: Latin America's Political Economy. New York: Doubleday & Co. Inc. (1972).Google Scholar

³ For a discussion of this theme see Frank, A. GunderLumpen Bourgeoisie and Lumpen-Development: Dependence, Class and Politics in Latin America. New York: Monthly Review Press (1972),Google Scholar and Petras, James, Politics and Social Structure in Latin America. New York: Monthly Review Press (1970).Google Scholar

⁴ Alba, Victor, ‘Latin America: the middle class revolution’ New Politics, Winter 1962; Porter, C. and Alexander, R., The Struggle for Democarcy in Latin America. New York: Macmillan (1961).Google Scholar

⁵ Cockroft, J., ‘The Last rites of the reformist Model in Latin America’, in Cockroft, , Frank, , AND Johnson, (eds.), Dependence and Underdevelopment: Latin America's Political Economy.Google Scholar

⁶ See Fry, B. R. and Winters, R. F., ‘The politics of redistribution’, in American Political Science Review, June 1970, p. 508–22.Google Scholar

⁷ The 19 states include Costa Rica, Uruguay, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Panama, Brazil, Honduras, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Venezuela, El Salvador, Haiti, Paraguay, and the Dominican Republic.

⁸ See Harman, H.Modern Factor Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960. Each factor loading reflects the correlations between the factor and the respective variables. The high loadings on each factor therefore identify the factors distinguishing elements or syndrome of variables. The rotation of the matrix maximizes the statistical independence of the factors.Google Scholar

⁹ This is more than a mere assumption. Concrete evidence of this thesis is to be found in Snow, Peter, ‘A scalogram analysis of political development’, in American Behavioural Scientist, Vol. IX, 03 (1966).Google Scholar

¹⁰ Data Source: Social Security Programs Throughout the World (1959) and (1961), U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington. The four main categories are work injury, illness, old age, and unemployment.Google Scholar

¹¹ Data Source: Situação Social de America Latina, Rio de Janeiro, 1965.Google Scholar

¹² Data Source: United National Statistical Yearbook, 1952–1965,Google Scholar and United Nations Yearbook of National Accounts, 1952–1965.Google Scholar

¹³ For a discussion of this problem, see Smith, T. Lynn, ‘Urbanization in Latin America’, in Anderson, N., Brill, E. J. (eds.), Urbanization and Urbanism, Netherlands (1964), pp. 128–42.Google Scholar Data Source: Statistical Abstract of Latin America, 1967, by Center for Latin American Studies, University of California.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Data Source: Latin America in Maps, Charts and Tables, Vols. 1–3, by Labelle, Yvon and Estrada, Adrian, Mexico, 1963.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Data Source: Politics and the Labor Movement in Latin America, by Alba, Victor, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968, p. 214.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Data Sources: (1) United Nations Statistical Yearbook (1950–1968);Google Scholar (2) Latin America in Maps, Charts and Tables, by Labelle, Yvan and Estrada, Adrian, Mexico, 1965;Google Scholar (3) United Nations World Survey on Education, 1960.Google Scholar

¹⁷ The reason is that larger allocations (per capita) are made to secondary schools.

¹⁸ r ² gives the proportion of variance explained and r the simple correlation coefficient.

¹⁹ See United Nations, Social Change and Social Development Policy in Latin America, New York (1970).Google Scholar

²⁰ United Nations, op. cit., pp. 250–4.Google Scholar