Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T11:21:33.287Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Governmental Bureaucratization: General Processes and an Anomalous Case

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

John Markoff
John Markoff
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

If only everybody meant the same thing by ‘bureaucracy’—or ‘feudalism’, ‘Old Regime’, ‘capitalism’, and so on, ad nauseam. If we all agreed on what these terms meant a good deal of paper might be saved. Since this is not even remotely the case, I had better begin by saying something about how the term ‘bureaucracy’ is to be used in the pages that follow. A government shall be said to be bureaucratized to the extent that it has come to resemble the organizational portrait drawn by Max Weber in Economy and Society. Weber's so-called definition is a list (or lists) of characteristics whose relative importance and relation to one another have stirred much debate.

Type
The Balkans in the next issue: The Formation of Bureaucracies
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , October 1975 , pp. 479 - 503
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Banks, A.S., and Textor, R.B. (1963) A Cross-Polity Survey. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.Google Scholar
Barker, Ernest (1945) The Development of Public Services in Western Europe: 1660–1930. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Behrens, C.B.A. (1967) The Ancien Regime. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.Google Scholar
Bendix, Reinhard (1954) ‘Bureaucracy in Industry’, in Kornhauser, Dubin and Ross, (eds.), Industrial Conflict. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Bendix, Reinhard (1962) Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Bendix, Reinhard (1963) Work and Authority in Industry. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Bendix, Reinhard(1968) ‘Bureaucracy’. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M. (1956) Brueaucracy in Modem Society. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Blauner, Robert (1964) Alienation and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bloch, Marc (1964) Feudal Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bosher, J.F. (1964) The Single Duty Project: A Study of the Movement for a French Customs Union in the Eighteenth Century. London: The Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Bosher, J.F. (1970) French Finances, 1770–1795: From Business to Bureaucracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Boulding, Kenneth (1968) The Organizational Revolution: A Study in the Ethics of Economic Organization. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.Google Scholar
Brecht, Arnold (1954) ‘How Bureaucracies Develop and Function’. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 292: 1–10.Google Scholar
Brette, Armand (1894–1915) Recueil des documents relatifs à la convocation des Etats gineraux de 1789. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. Four volumes, and atlas.Google Scholar
Champion, Edme (1897) La France d'après les cahiers de 1789. Paris: A. Colin.Google Scholar
Chrimes, S.B. (1959) An Introduction to the Administrative History of Medieval England. Oxford: B. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Coser, Lewis A. (1972) ‘The Alien as a Servant of Power’. American Sociological Review 37, 5 (10): 574–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, William (1915–1925) The Growth of English Industry and Commerce. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert A., and Lindblom, Charles E. (1963) Politics, Economics and Welfare: Panning and Politico-Economic Systems Resolved into Basic Social Processes. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Dimock, Marshall, and Hyde, Howard (1940) Bureaucracy and Trusteeship in Large Corporations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Governmental Printing Office.Google Scholar
Dorn, Walter (1963) Competition for Empire: 1740–1763. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Dreyfuss, Karl (1939) Occupation and Ideology of the Salaried Employee. New York: Works Project Administration and Columbia University.Google Scholar
Drucker, Peter (1964) The Concept of the Corporation.New York: New American Library.Google Scholar
Duverger, Maurice (1959) Political Parties. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, S.N. (1959) ‘Bureaucracy, Bureaucratization, and Debureaucratization’. Administrative Science Quarterly IV: 302–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenstadt, S.N. (1963) ‘Bureaucracy and Political Development’. In Palombara, La (ed.), Bureaucracy and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, S.N. (1969) The Political Systems of Empires: The Rise and Fall of the Historical Bureaucratic Societies. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, S.N. (1970) ‘Problems of Emerging Bureaucracies in Developing Areas and New States’. In Landsberger, Henry A. (ed.), Comparative Perspectives on Formal Organizations. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.Google Scholar
Forward, John (1970) ‘Toward an Ecological Framework for Comparative Studies in Public Administration’, in Landsberger, (ed.), Comparative Perspectives on Formal Organizations. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.Google Scholar
Friedrich, Carl J. (1939) ‘The Continental Tradition of Training Administrators in Law and Jurisprudence.’ Journal of Modern History, XI: 129–48.Google Scholar
Friedrich, Carl J. (1950) Constitutional Government and Democracy. New York: Ginn, Blaisdell.Google Scholar
Friedrich, Carl J. (1962) The Age of the Baroque, 1610–1660. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Ganshof, F.L. (1964) Feudalism. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Gérard, Alice (1970) La Révolution française, mythes et interprétations: 1789–1970. Paris: Flammarion.Google Scholar
Gouldner, Alvin W. (1952) ‘On Weber's Analysis of Bureaucratic Rules’, in Merton, et al. , Reader in Bureaucracy. Glencoe: Free Press.Google Scholar
Gouldner, Alvin W. (1954) Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy. Glencoe: Free Press.Google Scholar
Gouldner, Alvin W. (1955) ‘Metaphysical Pathos and the Theory of Bureaucracy’. American Political Science Review 49: 396–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckscher, Eli F. (1955) Mercantilism. Two volumes, 2nd edition. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Hintze, Otto (1962) Staat und Verfassung. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Verfassungsgeschichte. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Hintze, Otto (1968) ‘The State in Historical Perspective’, in Bendix, Reinhard et al. , (eds.), State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.Google Scholar
Homans, George C. (1967) The Nature of Social Science. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.Google Scholar
Hyslop, Beatrice (1968) A Guide to the General Cahiers of 1789. New York: Octagon Books.Google Scholar
Janowitz, Morris (1965) Sociology and the Military Establishment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Katz, Elihu, and Eisenstadt, S.N. (1960–1961) ‘Some Sociological Observations on the Response of Israeli Organizations to New Immigrants’. Administrative Science Quarterly 5.Google Scholar
Lindsay, J.O. (1966) ‘Monarch and Administration: European Practice’. The New Cambridge Modern History VII: 141–60.Google Scholar
Marion, Marcel (1914) Histoire financiere de la France depuis 1715. Paris: A. Rousseau.Google Scholar
Markoff, John (1972) ‘Who Wants Bureaucracy? French Public Opinion in 1789’. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University.Google Scholar
Mclllwain, C.H. (1958) ‘Medieval Estates’.The Cambridge Medieval History, VII: 665–713. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McManners, J. (1965) ‘The Historiography of the French Revolution’, in Goodwin, A. (ed.), The American and French Revolutions. The New Cambridge Modern History, VIII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Melman, Seymour (1951) ‘The Rise of Administrative Overhead in the Manufacturing Industries of the United States, 1899–1947’. Oxford Economic Papers, III.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert K. (1957) Social Theory and Social Structure. Glencoe: Free Press.Google Scholar
Michels, Robert (1959) Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. Glencoe: Free Press.Google Scholar
Palmer, Robert R. (1959, 1964) The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, Talcott (1964) The Social System. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Presthus, Robert (1962) The Organizational Society. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Riggs, Fred W. (1960) ‘Prismatic Society and Financial Administration’. Administrative Science Quarterly, V.Google Scholar
Riggs, Fred W.(1961) The Ecology of Public Administration. New York: Asia Publishing House.Google Scholar
Riggs, Fred W. (1963) ‘Bureaucrats and Political Development: A Paradoxical View’, in Palombara, Joseph La (ed.), Bureaucracy and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Riggs, Fred W. (1970) ‘The “Sala” Model: An Ecological Approach to the Study of Organization’, in Landsberger, (ed.), Comparative Perspectives on Formal Organizations. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.Google Scholar
Roll, Erich (1968) An Early Experiment in Industrial Organization, Being a History of the Firm of Boulton and Watt, 1775–1805. New York: A. M. Kelley.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Hans (1958) Bureaucracy, Aristocracy, and Autocracy: The Prussian Experience, 1660–1815. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Sagnac, Philippe (1945–1946) La formation de la société française. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.Google Scholar
Schmoller, Gustav (1914) The Mercantile System and Its Historical Significance. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, Joseph (1955) Imperialism and Social Classes. Cleveland: Meridian Books.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Gilbert, Markoff, John, and Weitman, Sasha (1973) ‘Quantitative Studies of the French Revolution’. History and Theory: Studies in the Philosophy of History, XII.Google Scholar
Small, Albion W. (1909) The Cameralists. New York: B. Franklin.Google Scholar
Soboul, Albert (1962) Précisd'histoire de la Révolution française. Paris: Editions Sociales.Google Scholar
Stinchcombe, Arthur L. (1965) ‘Social Structure and Organizations’, in March, James G. (ed.), Handbook of Organizations. New York: Rand McNally and Company.Google Scholar
Swart, K.W. (1949) The Sale of Offices in the 17th Century. The Hague: Nyhoff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tout, T.F. (1920–1933) Chapters in the Administrative History of Medieval England. Six volumes. London: Longmans, Green and Company.Google Scholar
Udy, Stanley H. Jr., (1959)‘“Bureaucracy” and “Rationality” in Weber's Organization Theory’. American Sociological Review, 24: 791–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (1968) Handbook of Labor Statistics.Google Scholar
Vella, Walter (1953) Impact of the West on Government in Thailand. University of California Publications in Political Science, IV.Google Scholar
Viner, Jacob (1949) ‘Power vs. Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’. World Politics I.Google Scholar
Weber, Max (1968) Economy and Society. Three volumes. New York: Bedminster Press.Google Scholar