Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T12:09:26.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cautious Commemoration: Localism, Communalism, and Nationalism in Palestinian Memorial Monuments in Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2008

Tamir Sorek
Tamir Sorek
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In March 1998, the political leadership of the Arab-Palestinian citizens of Israel was looking for ways to commemorate al-Nakba (“The Disaster,” in Arabic), referring to the war of 1948, during which about 700,000 Palestinians were uprooted and hundreds of Palestinian villages were destroyed. This leadership, organized in the Follow-Up Committee (FUC), nominated a Nakba and Steadfastness Committee (NSC) chaired by the author Muhamad Ali Taha. Among the Committee's several initiatives, one gained front-page headlines in the Arabic media: a call for Arab municipalities to establish memorial monuments for the Palestinian martyrs (shuhada) of 1948.

Type
Research Article
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 337 - 368
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abu-Saad, Ismael, Yonah, Yossi, and Kaplan, Avi. 2000. Identity and Political Stability in an Ethnically Diverse State: A Study of Bedouin Arab Youth in Israel. Social Identities 6: 49–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akcam, Taner. 2004. From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide. London and New York: Zed Books.Google Scholar
al-'Arif, Arif. 1956. al-Nakba: Nakbat Bait al-Maqdas wa-l-Firdaws al-Mafqud, 1948–1955. Sidon and Beirut: Manshurat al-Maktaba al-Asriyya li-l-Tiba'a wa-l-Nashr.Google Scholar
Al-Haj, Majid. 1987. Social Change and Family Process: Arab Communities in Shefara'm. London: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Al-Haj, Majid. 1993. The Impact of the Intifada on Arabs in Israel: The Case of Double Peripherality. In, Cohen, Akiba and Wolfsfeld, Gadi, eds., Framing the Intifada, Media and People. Norwood, New Jersey: Albex Publishing, 64–75.Google Scholar
Amara, Muhammad and Schnell, Izhak. 2004. Identity Repertoires among Arabs in Israel. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 175–93.Google Scholar
Benslama, Fethi. 1995. La cause identitaire. Cahiers Intersignes 10: 47–66.Google Scholar
Benvenisti, Meron. 1990. (Yerushala'im—'ir ha-metim; Jerusalem's city of the dead). Jerusalem: Keter (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Benvenisti, Meron. 2002. Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ben-Ze'ev, Efrat, and Aburaiya, Issam. 2004. “Middle-Ground” Politics and the Re-Palestinization of Places in Israel. International Journal of Middle East Studies 36: 639–55.Google Scholar
Bernstein, Mary. 1997. Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement. American Journal of Sociology 103, 3: 531–65.Google Scholar
Bishara, Azmi. 1998. (Al-khitab al-siayasi al-mutabawar wa-dirasat ukhra; The ruptured political discourse and other studies). Ramallah: Muwatin (Arabic), 7–10.Google Scholar
Bishara, Azmi. 1999. (Ha-'arvim be-yisrael—'iyunim be-siah politi shasu'a; The Arabs in Israel: reading a fragmented political discourse). In, Bishara, Azmi, ed., (Bein ha-ani la-anahnu; Between the ‘me’ and the ‘us’). Jerusalem: Van Leer Institute, Ha-kibbutz Ha-meuchad (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers. 2004. Ethnicity without Groups Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Hillel. 2006. (Avarim Tovim; Good Arabs), Jerusalem: Keter and Ivrit.Google Scholar
Einaudi, Jean-Luc. 1991. La Bataille de Paris: 17 Octobre 1961 Paris: Editions Du Seuil.Google Scholar
Einaudi, Jean-Luc. 2001. Octobre 1961: Un massacre à Paris. Paris: Fayard.Google Scholar
Eyerman, Ron. 2001. Cultural Trauma: Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furani, Fathi. 1984. Difa ‘an al-judhur (Defending the roots). Nazareth: Al-matba’ al-sha'biya.Google Scholar
Gelvin, James L. 1998. Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ghanem, As'ad. 1998. (Shulaim be-hevra shulit: ha-yihudiut ha-beduit; Margins in a marginal society: the uniqueness of the Bedouin society). In, Rekhess, Elie, ed., (Ha-'arvim ba-politika ha-yisraelit: dilemot shel zehut; The Arabs in the Israeli politic: dilemmas of identity). Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University, Moshe Dayan Center (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Ghanem, Huneida. 2004. (Tafkidam u-ma'amadam shel intelectualim falastinim be-yisrael; The role and status of Palestinian intellectuals in Israel). Ph.D. thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Handelman, Don and Handelman, Lea Shamgar. 1997. The Presence of Absence: The Memorialism of National Death in Israel. In Ari, Eyal Ben and Bilu, Yoram, eds., Grasping Land: Space and Place in Contemporary Israeli Discourse and Experience. Albany: SUNY, 85–128.Google Scholar
Hoffenberg, Peter H. 2001. Landscape, Memory and the Australian War Experience, 1915–18. Journal of Contemporary History 36: 111–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
House, Jim. 2001. Antiracist Memories: The Case of 17 October 1961 in Historical Perspective. Modern and Contemporary France 9: 355–68.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Ibtisam. 2000. Israel's “Ethnic Project” in the City of Shafa-Amr: Particularization of Identity along Religious Lines. Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar
Jelen, Brigitte. 2002. 17 octobre 1961–17 octobre 2001 une commemoration ambigue. French Politics, Culture and Society 20: 30–41.Google Scholar
Litvak, Meir. 1998. The Islamization of Palestinian Identity: The Case of Hamas. Middle Eastern Studies 34: 148–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lustick, Ian. 1980. Arabs in the Jewish State Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Mayo, James M. 1988. War Memorials as Political Landscape. The American Experience and Beyond New York: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Morris, Benny. 1987. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem: 1947–1949. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mosse, George L. 1990. Fallen Soldiers—Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre. 1996 [1983]. Realms of Memory. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Nordmann, Charlotte and Vidal, Jerome. 2001. La Politique de la Memoire. In Grandmaison, Olivier Le Cour, ed., Le 17 Octobre 1961: Un crime d'etat a Paris. Paris: La Dispute, 171–81.Google Scholar
Olick, Jeffrey K. 1999. Collective Memory: The Two Cultures. Sociological Theory 17: 333–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabinowitz, Dan. 1993. (Nostalgia mizrahit—eich hafchu ha-falastinim le-'arviyei yisrael; Oriental nostalgia—how the Palestinians became ‘the Arabs of Israel’). Teoria Uvicoret 4: 141–51 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Rabinowitz, Dan. 2001. The Palestinian Citizens of Israel, the Concept of Crapped Minority and the Discourse of Transnationalism in Anthropology. Ethnic and Racial Studies 24: 64–85.Google Scholar
Rekhess, Elie. 2002. (Ha-'arvim be-yisrael le-ahar tahlich oslo: localizatsia shel ha-maavak ha-leumi; The Arabs in Israel following the Oslo process: localization of the national struggle). Ha-mizrach He-hadash 43: 275–304 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Robinson, Shira. 2003. Local Struggle, National Struggle: Palestinian Responses to the Kafr Qasim Massacre and Its Aftermath, 1956–1966. International Journal of Middle East Studies 35: 393–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, Shira. 2006. Commemoration under Fire: Palestinian Responses to the 1956 Kafr Qasim Massacre.” In, Makdisi, Usama and Silverstein, Paul A, eds., Memory and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, Henry and Al-Haj, Majid. 1990. Arab Local Government in Israel. London: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Rouhana, Nadim and Ghanem, As'ad. 1998. The Crisis of Minorities in Ethnic States: The Case of Palestinian Citizens of Israel. International Journal of Middle East Studies 30: 321–46.Google Scholar
Sa'ar, Amalia. 1998. Carefully on the Margins: Christian Palestinians in Haifa between Nation and State. American Ethnologist 25: 215–39.Google Scholar
Said, Edward W. 1992. The Question of Palestine. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Sarsur, Ibrahim. 2000. (Bein ha-sulha ve-ha-andarta: hashpa'at tevah kfar qasem ‘al ha-historya ve-hazehut shel ha-yishuv; Between the Sulha and the monument: the influence of the Kafr-Qasem massacre on the history and identity of the town). In, Rosenthal, Ruvik, ed., (Kfar qasem—eiru'im ve-mitos; Kafr Kassem—myth and history). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 196–203 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Segev, Tom. 1990. (Ma ‘osotha-andartaot ba-leilot; What do the monuments do in the nights?). Ha'aretz, 27 Apr. (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Shamir, Ilanah. 1996. (Hantsaha ve-zikaron: darka shel ha-hevra ha-yisraelit be-’itsuv nofei ha-zikaron; Commemoration and memory: the path of Israeli society in shaping landscapes of memory). Tel Aviv: ‘Am ‘oved (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Shapira, Anita. 2000. Hirbet Hizah: Between Remembrance and Forgetting. Jewish Social Studies 7: 1–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slyomovics, Susan. 1998. The Object of Memory: Arab and Jew Narrate the Palestinian Village. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Anthony D. 1987. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Smooha, Sammy. 1984. The Orientation and Politicization of the Arab Minority in Israel. Haifa: University of Haifa, Institute of Middle Eastern Studies.Google Scholar
Sorek, Tamir. 2002. Memory and Identity: The Land Day Monument. ISIM Newsletter 10 (July): 17.Google Scholar
Sorek, Tamir. 2003. Arab Football in Israel as an ‘Integrative Enclave.’ Ethnic and Racial Studies 26: 422–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorek, Tamir. 2005. Between Football and Martyrdom: The Bi-Focal Localism of an Arab-Palestinian Town in Israel. British Journal of Sociology 56: 635–61.Google Scholar
Sorek, Tamir. 2007. Arab Soccer in a Jewish State: The Integrative Enclave. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Srour, Elias. 1998. Al-nakba fi ‘ailabun (Nakba [disaster] of Ailaboun). Ailaboun: AIilaboun Local Authority (Arabic).Google Scholar
Swedenburg, Ted. 1995. Memories of Revolt: The 1936–1939 Rebellion and the Palestinian National Past. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Swidler, Ann. 1986. Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. American Sociological Review 51: 273–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamari, Salim. 1999. The Local and the National in Palestinian Identity. In, Abdel-Malek, Kamal and Jacobson, David C, eds., Israeli and Palestinian Identities in History and Literature. New York: St. Martin's Press, 3–8.Google Scholar
Tsimhoni, Daphne. 1998. (Ha-notsrim be-yisrael: bein dat le-politika; The Christians in Israel: between religion and politics). In, Rekhess, Elie, ed., (Ha-’arvim ba-politika ha-yisraelit: dilemot shel zehut; The Arabs in the Israeli polity: dilemmas of identity). Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University, Moshe Dayan Center, 63–72 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Yiftachel, Oren. 2000. Minority Protest and the Emergence of Ethnic Regionalism: Palestinian-Arabs in the Israeli ‘Ethnocracy.’ In, Ben-Ami, ShlomoPeled, Yoav, and Spectorowski, Alberto, eds., Ethnic Challenges to the Modern Nation State. London and New York: Macmillan and St. Martin's Press, 145–80.Google Scholar
Zertal, Idith. 1994. (Ha-me'unim ve-ha-kdoshim: kinuna shel martyrologya leumit; The tortured and the martyrs: the establishing of a national martyrology). Zmanim 48: 26–45 (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Zertal, Idith. 2005. Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood. Chaya Galai, trans. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zerubavel, Yael. 1991. The Politics of Interpretation: Tel-Hai in Israel's Collective Memory. The Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies 16: 133–60.Google Scholar