Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T04:36:42.690Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Art of Memory: Islamic Education and its Social Reproduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

Dale F. Eickelman
Dale F. Eickelman
Affiliation:
New York University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The study of education can be to complex societies what the study of religion has been to societies variously characterized by anthropologists as ‘simple,’ ‘cold’ or ‘elementary.’ Recognizing this potential, sociologists and social anthropologists have recently indicated a renewed interest in the study of how schooling, especially higher education, implicitly defines and transmits a culturally valued cognitive style, ‘a set of basic, deeply interiorized master-patterns’ of language and thought on the basis of which other patterns are subsequently acquired (Bourdieu 1967: 343; see also Cole, Gay, Glick and Sharp 1971).

Type
The Adaptability of Religious Institutions
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , October 1978 , pp. 485 - 516
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arminjon, Pierre (1907) L'Enseignement, la doctrine el la vie dans les universites Musulmanes d'Egypte. Paris: Felix Alcan.Google Scholar
Aubin, Eugene [Descos] (1906) Morocco of To-Day. London: J.M. Dent and Co.Google Scholar
Baer, Gabriel, ed. (1971) The ‘Ulama in Modern History. Jerusalem: Israel Oriental Society.Google Scholar
Bailyn, Bernard (1960) Education in the Forming of American Society. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Bernstein, Basil (1977) Class, Codes and Control, Vol. 3, 2nd ed.London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Berque, Jacques (1938) ‘Dans le Maroc nouveau: Le role d'une universite Islamique,’ Annates d'Histoire Economique el Sociale, 10: 193–207.Google Scholar
Berque, Jacques (1949) ‘Ville et universite, apercu sur l'histoire de l'ecole de Fès,’ Revue Historique de Droit Francois et Etranger, 27: 64–117.Google Scholar
Berque, Jacques (1958) Al-Yousi: Problémes de la culture Marocaine au XVIIème siècle. Paris and The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Berque, Jacques (1974) ‘Lieux et moments du réformisme Islamique,’ in Berque, Jacques, Maghreb: Histoire el sociétés. Paris: Editions J. Duculot, pp. 162–88.Google Scholar
Bloch, Maurice (1975) ‘Introduction,’ in Bloch, Maurice, ed., Political Language and Oratory in Traditional Society. London and New York: Academic Press, pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre (1967) ‘Systems of Education and Systems of Thought,’ International Social Science Journal, 19: 338–58.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre (1973) ‘Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction,’ in Brown, Richard, ed., Knowledge, Education and Cultural Change. London: Tavistock Publications, pp. 71–112.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre and Jean-Claude, Passeron (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
Brown, Kenneth (1976) People of Sale: Tradition and Change in a Moroccan City, 1830–1930. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Leon Carl (1972) ‘The Religious Establishment in Husainid Tunisia,’ in Keddie, Nikki R., ed., Scholars, Saints, and Sufis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp. 93–125.Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard (1972) The Patricians of Nishapur. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Burke, Edmund, III (1976) Prelude to Protectorate in Morocco. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cenival, Pierre de (1925) ‘La légende du Juif Ibn Mech'al et la fête du sultan des tolba à Fés,’ Hesperis, 5: 137–218.Google Scholar
Cherkaoui, Mohamed (1976) ‘Socialisation et conflit: les systemes educatifs et leur histoire selon Durkheim,’ Revue Française de Sociologie, 17: 197–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Michael, Gay, John, Glick, Joseph A. and Sharp, Donald W. (1971) The Cultural Context of Learning and Thinking. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Colonna, Fanny (1975) Instituteurs Algeriens, 1883–1939. Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques.Google Scholar
Damis, John (1973) ‘Early Moroccan Reactions to the French Protectorate: The Cultural Dimension,’ Humaniora Islamica, 1: 15–31Google Scholar
Delphin, Gaëtan (1889) Fas, son universite et Tenseignement superieur Musulman. Paris: Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar
Dore, Ronald P. (1965) Education in Tokugawa Japan. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, Mary (1973) Natural Symbols. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile (1915) The Elementary forms of the Religious Life. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile (1973) Moral Education, Wilson, Everett K., tr. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile (1977) The Evolution of Educational Thought, Collins, Peter, tr. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F. (1974) ‘Islam and the Impact of the French Colonial System in Morocco,’ Humaniora Islamica, 2: 215–35.Google Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F. (1976) Moroccan Islam: Tradition and Society in a Pilgrimage Center. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F. (1977a) ‘Time in a Complex Society: A Moroccan Example,’ Ethnology, 16: 39–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F. (1977b) ‘Ideological Change and Regional Cults: Maraboutism and Ties of “Closeness” in Western Morocco,‘ in Werbner, Richard P., ed., Regional Cults. London and New York: Academic Press, pp. 3–28.Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E.E. (1940) The Nuer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, Michael M.J. (1976) The Qum Report. Mimeo.Google Scholar
French, Protectorate, Morocco, , Direction Générate de l'lnstruction Publique (1931) Historique (1912–1930). Rabat: Ecole du Livre.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford (1976) ‘Art as a Cultural System,’ Modern Language Notes, 91: 1473–99.Google Scholar
Geertz, Hildred (1968) ‘A Statistical Profile of a Moroccan Town: Sefrou.’ Mimeo.Google Scholar
Goody, Jack, ed. (1968) Literacy in Traditional Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goody, Jack, ed. (1977) The Domestication of the Savage Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Green, Arnold (1976) ‘Political Attitudes and Activities of the Ulama in the Liberal Age: Tunisia as an Exceptional Case,’ International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1: 209–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, David Montgomery (1976) The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif: An Ethnography and History. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Heyworth-Dunne, J. (1968) An Introduction to the History of Education in Modern Egypt. London: Frank Cass & Co., Ltd.Google Scholar
Hodgson, Marshall (1974) The Venture of Islam. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hourani, Albert H. (1970) Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hourani, Albert H. (1968) ‘Ottoman Reform and the Politics of Notables,’ in Polk, William R. and Chambers, Richard L., eds., The Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: The Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 41–68.Google Scholar
Hussein, Taha (1948) The Stream of Days, Waymont, Hilary, tr. London: Longman, Green and Co.Google Scholar
Ibn, Khaldūn (1967) The Muqaddimah, Rosenthal, Franz, tr. 2nd ed.Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Jirārī, Abdallah (1976) Al-Muḥaddith al-Ḥāfiz Abū Shu'ayb ad-Dukkālī. Jadīda and Casablanca: Al-Najāh Press.Google Scholar
Kane, Hamidou (1963) Ambiguous Adventure. New York: Walker and Company.Google Scholar
Keddie, Nikki R., ed. (1972) Scholars, Saints, and Sufis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lapidus, Ira (1967) Marvin Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Laroui, Abdallah (1974) La crise des intellectuels Arabes. Paris: Maspero.Google Scholar
Laroui, Abdallah (1977) Les origines sociales et culturelles du nationalisme Marocain (1830–1912). Paris: Maspero.Google Scholar
Leveau, Rémy (1976) Le Fellah Marocain: Defénseur du Trone. Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques.Google Scholar
Lévy-Provençal, E. (1922) Les historiens des chorfa. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.Google Scholar
Lienhardt, Godfrey (1967) Divinity and Experience: The Religion of the Dinka. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
McLachlan, James (1974) ‘The Choice of Hercules: American Student Societies in the Early 19th Century,’ in Stone, Lawrence, ed.. The University in Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 449–94.Google Scholar
Makdisi, George (1961) ‘Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh Century Baghdad,’ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 24: 1–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marty, Paul (1924) ‘L'universite de Qaraouiyne,’ Renseignements Coloniaux, Supplement de I'Afrique Française (11.), pp. 329–53.Google Scholar
Mauss, Marcel (1966) ‘Essai sur les variations saisonnieres des societes Eskimos: Etude de morphologie sociale,’ in Mauss, Marcel, ed., Sociologie et Anthropologic. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, pp. 389–177.Google Scholar
Merad, Ali (1971) Ibn Badis: Commentateur du Coran. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.Google Scholar
Michaux-Bellaire, E. (1911) ‘L'enseignement indigene au Maroc’ Revue du Monde Musulman 15: 422–52.Google Scholar
Mosca, Gaetano (1939) The Ruling Class: Elementi di Scienza Politico. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy P. (1975) ‘Review of Bulliet, The Patricians of Nishapur,’ Journal of the American Oriental Society, 95: 491–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moulieras, Auguste (1895) Le Maroc inconnu. I, Exploration du Rif Paris: Librairie Coloniale.Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, Roy P. (1899) Le Maroc inconnu. II, Exploration des Djebala. Paris: Augustin Challamel.Google Scholar
Noin, Daniel (1970) La population rurale du Maroc. Paris: Presses Universitaries de France.Google Scholar
Notopoulos, James A. (1938) ‘Mnemosyne in Oral Literature,’ Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 69: 465–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Péretié, A. (1912) ‘Les medrasas de Fes,’ Archives Marocaines, 18: 257–372.Google Scholar
Reid, Donald M. (1977) ‘Educational and Career Choices of Egyptian Students, 1882–1922,’ International Journal of Middle East Studies, 8: 349–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, L. D. and Wilson, N.G. (1974) Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Franz (1970) Knowledge Triumphant: the Concept of Knowledge in Mediaeval Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Schneider, David M. and Smith, Raymond T. (1973) Class Differences and Sex Roles in American Kinship and Family Structure. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Snouck, Hurgronje C. (1931) Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Stone, Lawrence, ed. (1974) The University in Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
as-Sūsī, Mukhṭār (1935) Ijaza prepared at the request of Manṣūrī 'Abd ar-Raḥmān. Ms., 12 Ṣafari 1354.Google Scholar
as-Sūsī, Mukhṭār (1961) Al-Ma'sūl. Casablanca: Al-Najāḥ Press.Google Scholar
Touimi, Mohammed Benjelloun, Khatibi, Abdelkebir, and Kably, Mohammed, eds. (1974) Ecrivains Marocains du protectorat á 1965. Paris: Sindbad.Google Scholar
'Uthmān, Muhammad ibn (1935) Al-Jāmi'a al-Yūsuffya bi-Marrākush. Cairo: Economical Press.Google Scholar
Valderrama, Martinez, Fernando, (1956) Historia de la Accion Cultural de Espaiia en Marruecos (1912–1956). Tetouan: Editora Marroqui.Google Scholar
Waardenburg, Jacques (1964) ‘Some Institutional Aspects of Muslim Higher Education and their Relation to Islam.’ Numen, 12: 96–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, Dan (1978) ‘Memories of Morocco: The Influence of Age, Schooling, and Environment on Memory,’ Cognitive Psychology, 10: 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterbury, John (1970) The Commander of the Faithful. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Waterbury, John (1972) North for the Trade: The Life and Times of a Berber Merchant. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, Max (1958) ‘The Chinese Literati,’ in Gerth, H.H. and Mills, C. Wright, eds., From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 416–14.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, Rupert (1964) The Prefects: British Leadership and the Public School Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, Rupert, ed. (1969) Governing Elites: Studies in Training and Selection. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. (1966) The Art of Memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Young, Michael F. D., ed. (1971) Knowledge and Control: New Directions for the Sociology of Education. London: Collier-Macmillan.Google Scholar
Zerdoumi, Nefissa (1970) Enfant d'hier. Paris: Maspero.Google Scholar