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Transnational Romance, Terror, and Heroism: Russia in American Popular Fiction, 1860–1917

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 June 2008

Choi Chatterjee
Choi Chatterjee
Affiliation:
California State University, Los Angeles
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Extract

Scholars of Russian-American relations in the late nineteenth century have long been concerned with the personalities and writings of university-based experts, journalists, diplomats, and political activists. We are well acquainted with the observations of various American commentators on the backward state of Russian state, society, economy, and politics. While the activities of prominent men such as George Kennan have effortlessly dominated the historical agenda, the negative discourses that they produced about Russia have subsumed other important American representations of the country. Since the period of early modern history, European travelers had seen Russia as a barbarous land of slave-like people, responsive only to the persuasions of the whip and the knout wielded by an autocratic tsar. Subsequently, Larry Wolff has shown that Voltaire and other Enlightenment philosophers created images of a despotic and backward Eastern Europe in order to validate the idea of a progressive, enlightened, and civilized Western Europe.

Type
Research Article
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , July 2008 , pp. 753 - 777
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History 2008

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78 One of the foundational texts in this tradition is Vera Figner's abridged works, Memoirs of a Revolutionist (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1991).

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85 Initially serialized in Century Magazine in 1888.

86 Papers of George Kennan, box 4, p. 28, New York Public Library, Division of Rare Books and Manuscripts Division. See also an article by J. H. Rosny who reiterates a familiar theme of the cultured and poverty stricken Russian revolutionary: “Nihilists in Paris,” Harper's New Monthly Magazine (Aug. 1891): 429–42; and see Willard Brown, “Socialists in a German University,” Atlantic Monthly (Dec. 1881): 801–13.

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88 Sergius Stepniak, “What Americans Can Do for Russians,” North American Review (Nov. 1891): 600.

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96 Stepniak had a lasting influence on Cahan. Marovitz, Sanford E., Abraham Cahan (New York: Twayne, 1996), 121Google Scholar.

97 Cahan, Abraham, The White Terror and the Red (New York: Arno Press, 1975)Google Scholar; Noble, Lydia Pimenov, Before the Dawn: A Story of Russian Life (Cambridge, Mass.: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1901)Google Scholar.

98 See Richard Pipes' fascinating account of Sergei Degaev, a Russian revolutionary turned police informer, who, after his immigration to the United States in1886, received his doctorate in mathematics from Johns Hopkins and became a respectable professor. The Degaev Affair: Terror and Treason in Tsarist Russia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003). I should add that during the decade of 1890s there was a considerable increase in immigration from Russia to the United States, especially from sections of the Russian Jewish population. Rischin, Moses, The Promised City, New York Jews, 1870–1914 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962)Google Scholar; Slezkine, Yuri, The Jewish Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006)Google Scholar.

99 Marriott Crittenden, 257; Sylvanus Cobb, Ivan the Serf, 91.

100 de Grazia, Victoria, Irresistible Empire: America's Advance through Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005)Google Scholar; Engerman, David, “American Knowledge and Global Power,” Diplomatic History 31, 4 (2007): 599–622CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Geinow-Hecht, Jessica, “Shame on US? Academics, Cultural Transfer and the Cold War: A Critical Review,” Diplomatic History 24, 3 (2000): 465–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

101 Alexeyeva, Liudmila, The Thaw Generation: Coming of Age in the Post-Stalin Era (Boston: Little, Brown, 1990)Google Scholar.