Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T19:29:20.820Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Rethinking Colonial Categories: European Communities and the Boundaries of Rule

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

Ann Laura Stoler
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison

Extract

In 1945, Bronislaw Malinowski urged anthropology to abandon what he called its “one-column entries” on African societies and to study instead the “no-man's land of change,” to attend to the “aggressive and conquering” European communities as well as native ones, and to be aware that “European interests and intentions” were rarely unified but more often “at war” (1945:14–15). Four decades later, few of us have heeded his prompting or really examined his claim.

Type
Colonial Boundaries
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alatas, Syed Hussein. 1977. The Myth of the Lazy Native. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Albertyn, J. R. 1932. Die Armblanke em n Die Maatskappy. Verslag van die CarnegieKommissie. Stellenbosch: Pro-ecclesia-drukkery.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Anthropological Forum 4:2. 1977.Google Scholar
“Anthropological Research in British Colonies,” 1112.Google Scholar
Arnold, David. 1979. “European Orphans and Vagrants in India in the Nineteenth Century”. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 7:2, 104127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, David. 1983. “White Colonization and Labour in Nineteenth-Century India”. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 10:2, 133–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asad, Talal 1975a. “Two European Images of Non-European Rule,“ in An thropology and the Colonial Encounter, Asad, T., ed. London: Ithaca Press, 103–20.Google Scholar
Asad, Talal. 1975b. Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. London: Ithaca Press.Google Scholar
Bagley, Christopher. 1973. The Dutch Plural Society: A Comparative Study in Race Relations. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Balandier, George. 1965 [1951]. “The Colonial Situation: A Theoretical Approach,” in Africa: Social Problems of Change and Conflict. Berghe, Pierre L. van den, ed. San Francisco: Chandler, 3461.Google Scholar
Ballhatchet, Kenneth. 1980. Race, Sex, and Class under the Raj: Imperial Attitudes and Policies and Their Critics, 1793–1905. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Barr, Pat. 1976. The Memsahibs: The Women of Victorian India. London: Secker and Warburg.Google Scholar
Beckles, Hilary. 1986. ‘“Black Men in White Skins’: The Formation of a White Proletariat in West Indian Slave Society”. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 15:1, 521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beidelman, T. O. 1982. Colonial Evangelism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Berreman, Gerald. 1981. The Politics of Truth: Essays in Critical Anthropology. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers.Google Scholar
Boutilier, James. 1984. “European Women in the Solomon Islands, 1900–1942: Accommodation and Change on the Pacific Frontier,” in Rethinking Women's Roles: Perspectives from the Pacific, O'Brien, Denise and Tiffany, Sharon, eds. Berkeley: University of California, 173–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braconier, A. de. 1933. “Het Prostitutie-Vraagstuk in Nederlandsch-Indie,” Indische Gids 55:2, 906–28.Google Scholar
Brandt, Willem. 1948. De Aarde van Deli. The Hague: van Hoeve.Google Scholar
Breman, 01 1987. Koelies, Planters en Koloniale Politiek. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.Google Scholar
Butcher, John G. 1979. The British in Malaya, 1880–1941: The Social History of a European Community in Colonial Southeast Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Callaway, Helen. 1987. Gender, Culture and Empire: European Women in Colonial Nigeria. Oxford: Macmillan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Césaire, Aime. 1972. Discourse on Colonialism. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Chance, John, AND Taylor, William. 1977. “Estate and Class in a Colonial City: Oaxaca in 1792”. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 19:4, 454–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clammer, John. 1975. “Colonialism and the Perception of Tradition,” in An thropology and the Colonial Encounter, Asad, T., ed. London: Ithaca Press, 199222.Google Scholar
Clerkx, Lily. 1961. Mensen in Deli. Amsterdam: Sociologisch–Histo?sch Semina?um voor Zuidoost. 2.Google Scholar
Cohen, William B. 1980. The French Encounter with Africans: White Response to Blacks, 1530–1880. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Cohn, Bernard. 1983. “Representing Authority in Victorian India,” in The Invention of Tradition. Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T., eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 165210.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean. 1985. Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance. Chicago: Chicago University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comaroff, Jean, AND Comaroff, John. 1986. “Christianity and Colonialism in South Africa”. American Ethnologist, 13:1, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, Frederic. 1980. From Slaves to Squatters: Plantation Labor and Agriculture in Zanzibar and Coastal Kenya, 1890–1925. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Crapanzano, Vincent. 1985. Waiting: The Whites of South Africa. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Degler, Carl. 1971. Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Delavignette, Robert. 1946. Service Africain. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Dixon, C. J. 1913. De Assistent in Deli. Amsterdam: J. H. de Bussy.Google Scholar
Dodwell, Henry. 1926. The Nabobs of Madras. London: Williams and Norgate.Google Scholar
Dominguez, Virginia. 1986. White by Definition: Social Classification in Creole Louisiana. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Dowd, Hall Jacquelyn. 1984. “‘The Mind that Burns in Each Body’: Women, Rape and Racial Violence”. Southern Exposure, 12:6 (11.–12.), 6171.Google Scholar
Edwards, Michael. 1969. Bound to Exile: The Victorians in India. London: Sidgwick and Jackson.Google Scholar
Emmanuel, Arghiri. 1972. “White-Settler Colonialism and the Myth of Investment Imperialism”. New Left Review, 73 (05-06), 3557.Google Scholar
Encyclopaedia van Nederlandsch-Indie. 1919. 's-Gravenhage, Leiden: M. Nijhoff and E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Etienne, Mona, AND Leacock, Eleanor. 1980. Women and Colonization. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Fanon, Franz. 1963. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove.Google Scholar
Foster-Carter, Aidan. 1978. “The Modes of Production Controversy”. New Left Review, 107 (01-02), 4778.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1980. The History of Sexuality. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Furnivall, J. S. 1944. Netherlands India: A Study of Plural Economy. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gann, L. H. and Duignan, Peter. 1978. The Rulers of British Africa, 1870–1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1968. Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gordon, , Robert, and Meggitt, , Mervyn, . 1985. “The Decline of the Kipas,“in Law and Order in the New Guinea Highlands: Encounters with GordonEnga, R. Enga, R. and Meggitt, M., eds. Hanover: University Press of New England, 3970.Google Scholar
Gorter, H. 1941. Delianen: schetsen uit het plantersleven op Sumatra's Oostkust. Amsterdam: L. J. Veen.Google Scholar
Gough, Kathleen. 1968. “Anthropology and Imperialism”. Current Anthropology, 9:5 (12), 403–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimshaw, Patricia. 1983. “‘Christian Woman, Pious Wife, Faithful Mother, Devoted Missionary’: Conflicts in Roles of American Missionary Women in Nineteenth-Century Hawaii”. Feminist Studies, 9:3, 489521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groupe d'études coloniales. 1910. “La femme blanche au Congo”. Bulletin de la societé belge d'etudes coloniales, 5 (05), 112.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, Ramon. 1985. “Honor Ideology, Marriage Negotiation, and Class-Gender Domination in New Mexico, 1690–1846”. Latin American Perspectives, 12:1, 81104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Marvin. 1964. Patterns of Race in the Americas. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Harris, Marvin. 1970. “Referential Ambiguity in the Calculus of Brazilian Racial Identity”. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 26:1, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Marvin, AND Kotak, Conrad. 1963. “The Structural Significance of Brazilian Racial Categories”. Sociologia, 25, 203–9.Google Scholar
Eric, Hobsbawn and Terence, Ranger, eds. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 114.Google Scholar
Hughes, Robert. 1987. The Fatal Shore. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell, ed. 1969. Reinventing Anthropology. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Ingelson, John. 1981. ““Bound Hand and Foot’: Railway Workers and the 1923 Strike in Java”. Indonesia, 31 (04): 5388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inglis, Amirah. 1975. The White Women's Protection Ordinance: Sexual Anxiety and Politics in Papua. London: Sussex University Press.Google Scholar
Arbeid, Kantoor van. 1935. Werkloosheid in Nederlandsch-Indie. Batavia: Landsdrukkeij.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Dane. 1987. Islands of White: Settler Society and Culture in Kenya and Southern Rhodesia, 1890–1939. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Dennis. 1971 [1938]. British Social Life in India, 1608–1937. New York: Kennikat Press.Google Scholar
Kleian, J. 1936. Deli-Planter. The Hague: van Hoeve.Google Scholar
Knibiehler, Yvonne, AND Goutalier, Regine. 1985. La femme au temps des colonies. Paris: Stock.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroniek [Chronicle]. 19161939. Oostkust van Sumatra-Instituut. Amsterdam: J. H. de Bussy.Google Scholar
Kuklick, Henrika. 1979. The Imperial Bureaucrat: The Colonial Administrative Service in the Gold Coast, 1920–1939. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.Google Scholar
Leconte, Daniel. 1980. Les Pieds Noirs. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1983. Le regard éloigné. Paris: Plon.Google Scholar
Lonsdale, , John, , AND Berman, Bruce 1979. “Coping with the Contradictions: The Development of the Colonial State in Kenya, 1895–1914”. Journal of African History, 20: 487505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, Nicole 1986. “Trouwverbod, inlandse huishoudsters en Europese vrouwen. Het concubinaat in de planterswereld aan Sumatra's Oostkust,” in Vrouwen in de Nederlandse kolonien, Jeske, Reijs, et al. , eds. Nijmegen: SUN, 7897.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. 1966 [1945]. “Dynamics of Culture Change,” in Social Change: The Colonial Situation, Wallerstein, I., ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1124.Google Scholar
Manders, Jo. 1933. De Boedjang-Club. ‘s-Gravenhage: H. P. Leopold.Google Scholar
Marks, Shula and Trapido, Stanley, eds. 1986. The Politics of Race, Class, and Nationalism in Twentieth Century South Africa. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Marie, A. van. 1952. “De groep der Europeanen in Nederlands-Indie”. Indonesie, 5:2, 77121; 5:3, 314–41; 5:5, 481–507.Google Scholar
Martinez-Alier, Verena 1974. Marriage, Class, and Colour in Nineteenth-Century Cuba. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marinus, J. H. 1929. Veertig Jaren Ervaring in de Deli-Cultures. Amsterdam: de Bussy.Google Scholar
Mead, Margaret 1977. Letters from the Field, 1925–1975. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Memmi, Albert 1973 [1957]. Portrait du colonise. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Mercier, Paul 1965. “The European Community of Dakar,” in Africa: Social Problems of Change and Conflict, Berghe, Pierre van den, ed. San Francisco: Chandler, 283304.Google Scholar
Ming, Hanneke 1983. “Barmacks-Concubinage in the Indies, 1887–1920”. Indonesia, 35 (04): 6593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mintz, Sidney 1971. “Groups, Group Boundaries, and the Perception of ‘Race’”. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 13 (Fall): 437–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mintz, Sidney 1974. Caribbean Transformations. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Mintz, Sidney 1985. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Moore-Gilbert, B. J. 1986. Kipling and “Orientalism”. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Murphy, Agnes 1968. The Ideology of French Imperialism, 1871–1881. New York: Howard Fertig.Google Scholar
Murray, Martin 1980. The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Naipaul, V. S. 1978 [1962]. The Middle Passage. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Nandy, Ashis 1983. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism. Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nash, June 1980. “Aztec Women: The Transition from Status to Class in Empire and Colony,” in Women and Colonization: Anthropological Perspectives, Etienne, Mona and Leacock, Eleanor, eds. New York: Praeger, 134–48.Google Scholar
Nash, June 1981. “Ethnographic Aspects of the World Capitalist System”. Annual Review of Anthropology, 10: 393423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Hank 1982. Taim Bilong Masta: The Australian Involvement with Papua New Guinea. Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Commission.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuys, Roger 1978. Oost-Indische Spiegel. Amsterdam: Querido.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuys, Roger 1982. Mirror of the Indies: A History of Dutch Colonial Literature. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre 1961. Les Francais d'Algerie. Paris: Julliard.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Rita Cruise. 1972. White Society in Black Africa: The French in Senegal. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
O'Meara, Dan. 1983. Volkskapitalisme: Class, Capital, and Ideology in the Development of Afrikaner Nationalism, 1934–1948. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Onselen, Charles van. 1982. Studies in the Social and Economic History of the Witwatersrand 1886–1914, Vol. I. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Petersen, Tscherning H. 1948. Tropical Adventure. London: J. Rolls.Google Scholar
Piven, Frances, AND Cloward, Richard 1971. Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Post, Ken 1978. Arise Ye Starvelings: The Jamaican Labour Rebellion of 1938 and its Aftermath. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powdermaker, Hortense 1966. Stranger and Friend. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Price, A. Grenfell. 1939. White Settlers in the Tropics. New York: American Geographical Society.Google Scholar
Prochaska, David n.d. (Forthcoming). Making Algeria French: Colonialism in Bone, 1870–1920. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosaldo, Renato 1980. Ilongot Headhunting, 1883–1974. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roseberry, William 1983. Coffee and Capitalism in the Venezuelan Andes. Austin. University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Roseberry, William 1986. “Images of the Peasant in the Consciousness of the Venezuelan Proletariat,” in Proletarians and Protest, Hanagan, Michael and Stephenson, Charles, eds. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 149169.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall 1981. Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Said, H. Mohammad. 1976. Sejarah Pers di Sumatera Utara. Medan: Waspada.Google Scholar
Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1976 [1960]. Critique of Dialectical Reason. London: New Left Books.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1976. The Moral Economy of the Peasant. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Seed, Patricia 1982. “Social Dimensions of Race: Mexico City, 1753”. Hispanic American Historical Review, 62:4, 590606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, Jill 1977. The “Redlegs” of Barbados. New York: KTO Press.Google Scholar
Sider, Gerald 1987. “When Parrots Learn to Talk, and Why They Can't: Domination, Deception and Self-Deception in Indian White Relations”. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 29:1 (01), 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spear, Percival 1963. The Nabobs: A Study of Social Life of the English in the Eighteenth Century. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Spencer, J. E., Thomas, W. L., 1948. “The Hill Stations and Summer Resorts of the Orient”. Geographical Review, 38:4, 637–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steward, Julian 1956. The People of Puerto Rico. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Stoler, Ann 1985a. Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra's Plantation Belt, 1870–1979. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Stoler, Ann 1985b. “Perceptions of Protest: Defining the Dangerous in Colonial Sumatra”. American Ethnologist, 12:4, 642–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoler, Ann 1986. “Plantation Politics and Protest on Sumatra's East Coast”. Journal of Peasant Studies, 13:2, 642–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoler, Ann. n.d. (Forthcoming). “Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Matrimony, Race and Morality in Colonial Asia,” in Towards an Anthropology of Gender, Leonardo, Micaela di, ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Sutherland, H. 1982. “Ethnicity and Access in Colonial Macassar,“ in Papers of the Dutch-Indonesian Historical Conference. Dutch and Indonesian Steering Committees of the Indonesian Studies Programme.Leiden:Bureau of Indonesian Studies, 250–77.Google Scholar
Székely, Ladislao. 1979 [1937]. Tropic Fever: The Adventures of a Planter in Sumatra. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford in Asia.Google Scholar
Székely-Lulofs, Madelon. 1932. Rubber. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Székely-Lulofs, Madelon. 1946. De Andere Wereld. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Takaki, Ronald. 1983. Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanner, R. E. S. 1964. “Conflict within Small European Communities in Tanganyika”. Human Organization, 23:4, 319–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taussig, Michael. 1980. The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Jean Gelman. 1983. The Social World of Batavia: European and Eurasian in Dutch Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Leonard. 1985. The Political Mythology of Apartheid. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Todorov, Tzvetan. 1985. The Conquest of America. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Vincent, Joan. 1982. Teso in Transformation: The Political Economy of Peasant and Class in Eastern Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Waard, J. de. 1934. “De Oostkust van Sumatra”. Tijdschrift voor Economische Geographie, 25: 213–21, 255–75, 282301.Google Scholar
Wasserstrom, Robert. 1980. “Ethnic Violence and Indigenous Protest: the Tzeltal (Maya) Rebellion of 1712”. Journal of Latin American Studies, 12:1, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkie, Mary. 1977. “Colonials, Marginals and Immigrants: Contributions to a Theory of Ethnic Stratification”. Comparative Studies in Society and History 19:1, 6795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, Eric. 1959. Sons of the Shaking Earth. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Wolf, Eric. 1982. Europe and the People Without History. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Woodcock, George. 1969. The British in the Far East. New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar