Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T00:17:25.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of a neuromuscular dentistry-designed mouthguard on muscular endurance and anaerobic power

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2010

Shawn M. Arent ,
Jennifer McKenna  and
Devon L. Golem
Shawn M. Arent*
Affiliation:
Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 70 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Jennifer McKenna
Affiliation:
Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 70 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Devon L. Golem
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 26 Nichol Ave., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901 8525USA
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Athletes of various sports are required to utilize mouthguards during practice and competitions for protection against orofacial and dental injuries, regardless of the effects on performance. Recent advances in neuromuscular dentistry have led to the development of a mouthguard touted also to enhance the performance through jaw realignment. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a neuromuscular dentistry-based mouthguard to a standard, custom-fitted mouthguard (CFM) on muscular endurance, anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity in competitive athletes. Professional and Division I college athletes (n = 22, Mweight = 86.2 ± 3.1 kg) participated in this double-blind, crossover study. Subjects were randomly assigned to order of use of either the experimental (Pure Power Mouthguard (PPM)) or the traditional CFM. Subjects completed two separate sessions in which they completed three performance tests, which included vertical jump (VJ), bench press (BP) and a 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT)+eight 10 s intervals, while wearing the assigned mouthguard. Significantly better performance was found for PPM compared with CFM for VJ (67.6+9.4 cm vs. 65.3+8.6 cm; P = 0.003), 30 s WAnT peak power (11.6 ± 1.7 W kg− 1vs. 11.1 ± 1.5 W kg− 1, P = 0.038), average peak power for WAnT+intervals (10.6 ± 1.4 W kg− 1vs. 10.1 ± 1.2 W kg− 1, P = 0.025) and average mean power for WAnT+intervals (9.0 ± 1.1 W kg− 1vs. 8.7 ± 1.0 W kg− 1, P = 0.034). There were no significant differences for either BP or 30 s WAnT mean power (P>0.48). Compared with a CFM, a neuromuscular dentistry-based mouthguard appears to enhance peak power output, performance and repeated maximal efforts. When required to wear a mouthguard, athletes may benefit from wearing a neuromuscular dentistry-designed mouthguard compared with a CFM.

Keywords

Wingate anaerobic testvertical jumptemporomandibular jointocclusion
Type
Research Paper
Information
Comparative Exercise Physiology , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , May 2010 , pp. 73 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1[American Dental Association] Council on Access, Prevention and Interprofessional Relations, Council on Scientific Affairs, (2006). Using mouthguards to reduce the incidence and severity of sports-related oral injuries. Journal of the American Dental Association 137: 1712–1720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Fasciglione, D, Persic, R, Pohl, Y and Filippi, A (2007). Dental injuries in inline skating – level of information and prevention. Dental Traumatology 23: 143–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Knapik, JJ, Marshall, SW, Lee, RB, Darakjy, SS, Jones, SB, Mitchener, TA, et al. (2007). Mouthguards in sport activities: history, physical properties and injury prevention effectiveness. Sports Medicine 37: 117–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Kumamoto, DP and Maeda, Y (2004). A literature review of sports-related orofacial trauma. General Dentistry 52: 270–280.Google ScholarPubMed
5Low, D, Summii, T, Swain, MV, Ishigami, K and Takeda, T (2002). Instrumented indentation characterization of mouth-guard materials. Dental Materials 18: 211–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6von Arx, T, Flury, R, Tschan, J, Buergin, W and Geiser, T (2008). Exercise capacity in athletes with mouthguards. International Journal of Sports Medicine 29: 435–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Bracco, P, Deregibus, A and Piscetta, R (2004). Effects of different jaw relations on postural stability in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 356: 228–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Sakaguchi, K, Mehta, N, Abdallah, E, Forgione, A, Hirayama, H, Kawasaki, T, et al. (2007). Examination of the relationship between mandibular position and body posture. The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice 25: 237–249.Google ScholarPubMed
9Chalmers, DJ (1998). Mouthguards: protection for the mouth in rugby union. Sports Medicine 25: 339–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Duarte-Pereira, DMV, del Rey-Santamaria, M, Javierre-Garces, C, Barbany-Cairo, J, Paredes-Garcia, J, Valmaseda-Castellon, E, et al. (2008). Wearability and physiological effects of custom-fitted vs self-adapted mouthguards. Dental Traumatology 24: 439–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Bourdin, M, Brunet-Patru, I, Hager, P, Allard, Y, Hager, J, Lacour, J, et al. (2006). Influence of maxillary mouthguards on physiological parameters. Medicine and Science of Sports and Exercise 38: 1500–1504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Francis, KT and Brasher, J (1991). Physiological effects of wearing mouthguards. British Journal of Sports Medicine 25: 227–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Kececi, AD, Cetin, C, Eroglu, E and Baydar, ML (2005). Do custom-made mouthguards have negative effects on aerobic performance capacity of athletes? Dental Traumatology 21: 276–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Abduljabbar, T, Mehta, N, Forgione, A, Clark, E, Kronman, J, Munsat, T, et al. (1997). Effect of increased maxillomandibular relationship on isometric strength in TMD patients with loss of vertical dimension of occlusion. The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice 15: 57–67.Google ScholarPubMed
15al-Abbasi, H, Mehta, N, Forgione, A and Clark, R (1999). The effect of vertical dimension and mandibular position on isometric strength of the cervical flexors. The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice 17: 85–92.Google ScholarPubMed
16Chakfa, A, Mehta, N, Forgione, A, Al-Badawi, E, Lobo Lobo, S and Zawawi, K (2002). The effect of stepwise increases in vertical dimension of occlusion on isometric strength of cervical flexors and deltoid muscles in nonsymptomatic females. The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice 20: 264–273.Google ScholarPubMed
17Abdallah, E, Mehta, N, Forgione, A and Clark, R (2004). Affecting upper extremity strength by changing maxillomandibular vertical dimension in deep bite subjects. The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice 22: 268–275.Google ScholarPubMed
18Cetin, C, Kececi, A, Erdogan, A and Baydar, M (2009). Influence of custom-made mouth guards on strength, speed and anaerobic performance of taekwondo athletes. Dental Traumatology 25: 272–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Mahony, D (2002). An introduction to neuromuscular dentistry. The Functional Orthodontist 19: 24–27.Google ScholarPubMed
20Cooper, BC (1996). The role of bioelectronic instruments in documenting and managing temporomandibular disorders. Journal of the American Dental Association 127: 1611–1614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Barfield, JP, Sells, PD, Rowe, DA and Hannigan-Downs, K (2002). Practice effect on the Wingate anaerobic test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 16: 472–473.Google ScholarPubMed
22Hopkins, WG, Schabort, EJ and Hawley, JA (2001). Reliability of power in physical performance tests. Sports Medicine 31: 211–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Leard, JS, Cirillo, MA, Katsnelson, E, Kimiatek, DA, Miller, TW, Trebincevic, K, et al. (2007). Validity of two alternative systems for measuring vertical jump height. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21: 1296–1299.Google ScholarPubMed
24Üçok, K, Gökbel, H and Okudan, N (2005). The load for the Wingate test: according to the body weight or lean body mass. European Journal of General Medicine 2: 10–13.Google Scholar
25Bar-Or, O (1987). The Wingate anaerobic test: an update on methodology, reliability, and validity. Sports Medicine 4: 381–394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Nakagawa, S (2004). A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias. Behavioral Ecology 15: 1044–1045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Gelb, H, Mehta, NR and Forgione, AG (1996). The relationship between jaw posture and muscular strength in sports dentistry: a reappraisal. The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice 14: 320–325.Google ScholarPubMed
28Delaney, JS and Montgomery, DL (2005). Effect on non-custom bimolar mouthguards on peak ventilation in ice hockey players. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 15: 154–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29DeYoung, AK, Robinson, E and Godwin, WC (1994). Comparing comfort and wearability: custom-made vs. self-adapted mouthguards. Journal of the American Dental Association 125: 1112–1118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30Scott, J, Burke, FJ and Watts, DC (1994). A review of dental injuries and the use of mouthguards in contact team sports. British Dental Journal 176: 310–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed