Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:23:11.106Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sexual and Other Axis I Diagnoses of 60 Males Arrested for Crimes Against Children Involving the Internet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Richard B. Krueger ,
Meg S. Kaplan  and
Michael B. First
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to describe Axis I sexual diagnoses of 60 males arrested for possession of child pornography obtained via the Internet and/or attempting to meet children via the Internet.

Methods: Data was obtained from a chart review of evaluations conducted on 60 males referred for a psychosexual evaluation following an arrest for possession of child pornography and/or attempting to meet children. All crimes involved use of the Internet. Information obtained from the chart review was entered into SAS. All diagnoses were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Simple descriptive statistics were computed and cross tabulations were tested for significance using χ2 or Fisher's Exact test.

Results: Of the total sample, 40% had at least one paraphilia. Thirty-one percent had a diagnosis of pedophilia and 18% of a paraphilia not otherwise specified (NOS). Thirty-three percent had a sexual disorder NOS, characterized by hypersexuality. Seventy percent of the total sample had an Axis I disorder that antedated and was judged to be contributory to the behavior leading to their arrest.

Conclusions: This sample of men arrested for committing crimes against children and adolescents via the Internet has a high incidence of lifetime sexual and other psychopathology.

Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 14 , Issue 11 , November 2009 , pp. 623 - 631
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Bryan-Low, C. Internet transforms child porn into lucrative criminal trade. The Wall Street Journal. January 17, 2006:1–6.Google Scholar
2.Stewart, WG II.Statistics Child Pornography update. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Executive Office for United States Attorneys, Freedom of Information/Privacy Act Unit; 2009.Google Scholar
3.Mitchell, KJ, Finkelhor, D, Wolak, J. Risk factors for and impact of online sexual solicitation of youth. JAMA. 2001;285:3011–3014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Motivans, M, Kyckelhahn, T. Federal prosecution of child sex exploitation offender, 2006. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics; December 2007.Google Scholar
5.Harris, A, Phenix, A, Hanson, RK, Thornton, D. Static-99 Coding Rules. Ottawa, Canada; 2003.Google Scholar
6.Fazel, S, Sjöstedt, G, Långström, N, Grann, M. Severe mental illness and risk of sexual offending in men: A case-control study based on Swedish national registers. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:588–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Langstrom, N, Sjostedt, G, Grann, M. Psychiatric disorders and recidivism in sexual offenders. Sex Abuse. 2004;16:139–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Quayle, E, Taylor, M. Child pornography and the internet: Perpetuating a cycle of abuse. Deviant Behav. 2002;23:331–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Frei, A, Erenay, N, Dittmann, V, Graf, M. Paedophilia on the internet—a study of 33 convicted offenders in the Canton of Lucerne. Swiss Med Wkly. 2005;135:488–494.Google ScholarPubMed
10.Alexy, EM, Burgess, AW, Baker, T. Internet offenders. Traders, travelers, and combination trader-travelers. J Interpers Violence. 2005;20:804–812.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Webb, L, Craissati, J, Keen, S. Characteristics of internet child pornography offenders: A comparison with child molesters. Sex Abuse. 2007;19:449–465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Elliott, IA, Beech, AR, Mandeville-Norden, R, Hayes, E. Psychological profiles of internet sexual offenders. Comparisons with contact sexual offenders. Sex Abuse. 2009;21:76–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Wolak, J, Finkelhor, D, Mitchell, KJ, Ybarra, ML. Online “predators” and their victims. Myths, realities, and implications for prrevention and treatment. Am Psychol. 2008;63:111–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Galbreath, NW, Berlin, FS, Sawyer, D. Paraphilias and the internet. In: Cooper, A, ed. Sex and the Internet. A Guidebook for Clinicians. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge; 2002:187–205.Google Scholar
15.Seto, MC, Cantor, JM, Blanchard, R. Child pornography offenses are a valid diagnostic indicator of pedophilia. J Abnorm Psychol. 2006;115:610–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Blanchard, R, Kolla, NJ, Cantor, JM, et al.IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source. Sex Abuse. 2007;19:285–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Stein, DJ, Black, DW, Shapira, NA, Spitzer, RL. Hypersexual disorder and preoccupation with internet pornography. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1590–1594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Blanchard, R, Klassen, P, Dickey, R, Kuban, ME, Blak, T. Sensitivity and specificity of the phallometric test for pedophilia in nonadmitting sex offenders. Psychol Assess. 2001;13:118–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Delmonico, DL, Griffin, EJ. Sex offenders online–What clinicians need to know. In: Schwartz, BK, ed. The Sex Offender. Issues in Assessment, Treatment, and Supervision of Adult and Juvenile Populations. Volume V. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute; 2005:4.1–4.25.Google Scholar
20.Stein, DJ, Black, DW. Can too much sex be a bad thing? CNS Spectr. 2000;5:18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Stein, DJ, Black, DW, Pienaar, W. Sexual disorders not otherwise specified: Compulsive, addictive, or impulsive? CNS Spectr. 2000;5:60–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Krueger, RB, Kaplan, MS. The paraphilic and hypersexual disorders: An overview. J Psychiatr Pract. 2001;7:391–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Kafka, MP. Successful antidepressant treatment of nonparaphilic sexual addictions and paraphilias in men. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991;52:60–65.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Kafka, MP. Paraphilia-related disorders. The evaluation and treatment of nonparaphilic hypersexuality. In: Leiblum, SR, ed. Principles and Practice of Sex Therapy. Fourth ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2007:442–476.Google Scholar
25.Black, DW. Compulsive sexual behavior. A review. Journal of Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral Health. 1998;4:219–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Black, DW. The epidemiology and phenomenology of compulsive sexual behavior. CNS Spectr. 2000;5:26–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Kuzma, JM, Black, DW. Epidemiology, prevalence, and natural history of compulsive sexual behavior. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2008;31:603–611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Stein, DJ. Classifying hypersexual disorders: Compulsive, impulsive, and addictive models. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2008;31:587–591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Daneback, K, Cooper, A, Mansson, S-A. An internet study of cybersex participants. Arch Sex Behav. 2005;34:321–328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Raymond, NC, Coleman, E, Miner, MH. Psychiatric comorbidity and compulsive/impulsive traits in compulsive sexual behavior. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44:370–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Black, DW, Kehrberg, LLD, Flumerfelt, DL, Schlosser, SS. Characteristics of 36 subjects reporting compulsive sexual behavior. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:243–249.Google ScholarPubMed
32.Dunsieth, NW Jr., Nelson, EB, Brusman-Lovins, LA, et al.Psychiatric and legal features of 113 men convicted of sexual offenses. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65:293–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.McElroy, SL, Soutullo, CA, Taylor, JP, et al.Psychiatric features of 36 men convicted of sexual offenses. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:414–420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Raymond, NC, Coleman, E, Ohlerking, F, Christenson, GA, Miner, M. Psychiatric comorbidity in pedophilic sex offenders. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:786–788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Kafka, MP, Hennen, J. A DSM-IV Axis I comorbidity study of males (n = 120) with paraphilias and paraphilia-related disorders. Sex Abuse. 2002;14:349–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Kafka, MP, Prentky, RA. Preliminary observations of DSM-III-R AXIS I comorbidity in men with paraphilias and paraphilia-related disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;55:481–487.Google ScholarPubMed
37.Kafka, MP, Prentky, RA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in males with paraphilias and paraphilia-related disorders: A comorbidity study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59:388–396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Krueger, RB, Kaplan, MS. Evaluation and treatment of sexual disorders: Frottage. In: Vandecreek, L, Jackson, TL, eds. Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book. Vol 18. Sarasota, FI: Professional Resource Press; 2000:185–197.Google Scholar
39.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed, text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.Google Scholar
40.Wolak, J, Finkelhor, D, Mitchell, K. Internet-initiated sex crimes against minors: Implications for prevention based on findings, from a national study. J Adolesc Health. 2004;35:424.e11–e20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Money, J. Paraphilias: Phenomenology and classification. Am J Psychother. 1984;38:164–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Cimbolic, P, Carter, P. Looking at ephebophilia through the lens of cleric sexual abuse. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity. 2006;13:347–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Nuñez, J. Outpatient treatment of the sexually compulsive ephebophile. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity. 2003;10:23–51.Google Scholar
44.Blanchard, R, Lykins, AD, Wherrett, D, et al.Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM-V. Arch Sex Behav. 2009;38:335–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45.First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JBW. User's guide for the structured clinical interview of the DSM-IV Axis I disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1997.Google Scholar
46.Davis, CM, Yarber, WL, Bauserman, R, Schreer, G, Davis, SL. Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications; 1998.Google Scholar
47.Prentky, R, Edmunds, SB. Assessing Sexual Abuse: A Resource Guide for Practitioners. Brandon, VT: The Safer Society Press; 1997.Google Scholar
48.Black, OW, Belsare, G, Schlosser, S. Clinical features, psychiatric comorbidity, and health-related quality of life in persons reporting compulsive computer use behavior. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:838–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Shapira, NA, Goldsmith, TD, Keck, PE Jr., Khosla, UM, McElroy, SL. Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. J Affect Disord. 2000;57:267–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50.Shapira, NA, Lessig, MC, Goldsmith, TD, et al.Problematic internet use: Proposed classification and diagnostic criteria. Depress Anxiety. 2003;17:207–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Ko, C-H, Yen, J-Y, Chen, C-S, Chen, C-C, Yen, C-F. Psychiatric comorbidity of internet addiction in college students: An interview study. CNS Spectr. 2008;13:147–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed