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Schizotypal personality disorder in clinical obsessive–compulsive disorder samples: a brief overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2020

Luigi Attademo Open the ORCID record for Luigi Attademo [Opens in a new window]  and
Francesco Bernardini
Luigi Attademo*
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Italian NHS, Potenza, Italy
Francesco Bernardini
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, AsFO Friuli Occidentale, Italian NHS, Pordenone, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Luigi Attademo, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and disabling mental disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that cause major distress and impair important areas of functioning. About 9 out of 10 patients with OCD have comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. A high proportion of clinically diagnosed OCD patients fulfill diagnostic criteria of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, to the point that significant evidence in the literature supports the existence and the clinical relevance of a schizo-obsessive spectrum of disorders, including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) with OCD (schizotypal OCD). In this paper, we provide a brief but comprehensive analysis of the literature on the clinical coexistence between OCD and SPD. The clinical validity of the so-called schizotypal OCD is analyzed through a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between SPD features and obsessive–compulsive phenomena in clinical OCD samples. This review describes the potential connections between OCD and SPD on the epidemiological, sociodemographic, psychopathological, and clinical levels. SPD is commonly observed in OCD patients: about 10% of OCD patients have a full categorical diagnosis of SPD. Early clinical identification of SPD features—and, more generally, of psychotic features and personality disorders—in OCD patients is strongly recommended. In fact, a proper and early diagnosis with early treatment may have benefits for prognosis. However, although schizotypal OCD seems to have clinical and predictive validity, further neurobiological and genetic studies on etiological specificity are warranted.

Keywords

Obsessive–compulsive disorderobsessive compulsive symptomsreviewschizotypyschizotypal personality disorder
Type
Review
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 26 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 468 - 480
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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