Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T06:55:06.615Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Peripheral levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in youths in ultra-high risk for psychosis: a pilot study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2017

Maiara Zeni-Graiff ,
Adiel C. Rios ,
Pawan K. Maurya ,
Lucas B. Rizzo ,
Sumit Sethi ,
Ana S. Yamagata ,
Rodrigo B. Mansur ,
Pedro M. Pan ,
Elson Asevedo  and
Graccielle R. Cunha
...Show all authors
Maiara Zeni-Graiff
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Adiel C. Rios
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Pawan K. Maurya
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
Lucas B. Rizzo
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Sumit Sethi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Ana S. Yamagata
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Rodrigo B. Mansur
Affiliation:
Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Pedro M. Pan
Affiliation:
PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Elson Asevedo
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Graccielle R. Cunha
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
André Zugman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Rodrigo A. Bressan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Ary Gadelha
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil PRISMA Early Intervention Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
Elisa Brietzke*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
*
*Address for correspondence: Elisa Brietzke, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Borges Lagoa, 570- 1o andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction

Oxidative stress has been documented in chronic schizophrenia and in the first episode of psychosis, but there are very little data on oxidative stress prior to the disease onset.

Objective

This work aimed to compare serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in young individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis with a comparison healthy control group (HC).

Methods

Thirteen UHR subjects and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Clinical assessment included the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I) or the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Activities of SOD and GPx were measured in serum by the spectrophotometric method using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results

After adjusting for age and years of education, there was a significant lower activity of SOD and lower GPX activity in the UHR group compared to the healthy control group (rate ratio [RR]=0.330, 95% CI 0.187; 0.584, p<0.001 and RR=0.509, 95% CI 0.323; 0.803, p=0.004, respectively). There were also positive correlations between GAF functioning scores and GPx and SOD activities.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that oxidative imbalances could be present prior to the onset of full-blown psychosis, including in at-risk stages. Future studies should replicate and expand these results.

Keywords

Ultra-high riskprodromaloxidative stressantioxidant enzymesschizophreniapsychosis
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , June 2019 , pp. 333 - 337
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Maiara Zeni-Graiff and Adiel C. Rios contributed equally and are qualified as first authors.

References

1. Zeni-Graiff, M, Rizzo, LB, Mansur, RB, et al. Peripheral immuno-inflammatory abnormalities in ultra-high risk of developing psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2016; 176(2–3): 191–195.Google Scholar
2. Perez, VB, Swerdlow, NR, Braff, DL, Näätänen, R, Light, GA. Using biomarkers to inform diagnosis, guide treatments and track response to interventions in psychotic illnesses. Biomark Med. 2014; 8(1): 9–14.Google Scholar
3. Labad, J, Stojanovic-Pérez, A, Montalvo, I, et al. Stress biomarkers as predictors of transition to psychosis in at-risk mental states: roles for cortisol, prolactina and albumin. J Psychiatr Res. 2015; 60: 163–169.Google Scholar
4. Fusar-Poli, P, Cappucciati, M, Borgwardt, S, et al. Heterogeneity of psychosis risk within individuals at clinical high risk: a meta-analytical stratification. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016; 73(2): 113–120.Google Scholar
5. Coughlin, JM, Hayes, LN, Tanaka, T, et al. Reduced superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with early psychosis in association with clinical features. Schizophr Res. 2017; 183: 64–69.Google Scholar
6. Koga, M, Serritella, AV, Sawa, A, Sedlak, TW. Implications for reactive oxygen species in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res. 2016; 176(1): 52–71.Google Scholar
7. Magalhaes, PV, Dean, O, Andreazza, AC, Berk, M, Kapczinski, F. Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 2: CD008919.Google Scholar
8. Gonzalez-Liencres, C, Tas, C, Brown, EC, et al. Oxidative stress in schizophrenia: a case-control study on the effects on social cognition and neurocognition. BMC Psychiatry. 2014; 14: 268.Google Scholar
9. Vidovic, B, Milovanovic, S, Dordevic, B, et al. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers and antioxidative defense in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Danub. 2014; 26(3): 205–213.Google Scholar
10. Zhang, XY, Chen, DC, Tan, YL, et al. The interplay between BDNF and oxidative stress in chronic schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015; 51: 201–208.Google Scholar
11. Noto, C, Ota, VK, Gadelha, A, et al. Oxidative stress in drug naive first episode psychosis and antioxidant effects of risperidone. J Psychiatr Res. 2015; 68: 210–216.Google Scholar
12. Wu, JQ, Kosten, TR, Zhang, XY. Free radicals, antioxidant defense systems, and schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013; 46: 200–206.Google Scholar
13. Pedrini, M, Massuda, R, Fries, GR, et al. Similarities in serum oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines in patients with overt schizophrenia at early and late stages of chronicity. J Psychiatr Res. 2012; 46(6): 819–824.Google Scholar
14. Rizvi, SI, Maurya, PK. Markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes during aging in humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1100: 373–382.Google Scholar
15. Dietrich-Muszalska, A, Kontek, B. Lipid peroxidation in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010; 64(5): 469–475.Google Scholar
16. Smesny, S, Milleit, B, Schaefer, MR, et al. Effects of omega-3 PUFA on the vitamin E and glutathione antioxidant defense system in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2015; 101: 15–21.Google Scholar
17. Brietzke, E, Araripe Neto, AG, Dias, A, Mansur, RB, Bressan, RA. Early intervention in psychosis: a map of clinical and research initiatives in Latin America. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2011; 33(Suppl 2): 213–224.Google Scholar
18. Castro, J, Zanini, M, Gonçalves Bda, S, Coelho, FM, Bressan, R, Bittencourt, L, Gadelha, A, Brietzke, E, Tufik, S. Circadian rest-activity rhythm in individuals at risk for psychosis and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res. 2015; 168(1–2): 50–55.Google Scholar
19. Yung, AR, Yuen, HP, McGorry, PD, et al. Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005; 39(11–12): 964–971.Google Scholar
20. Nordholm, D, Poulsen, HE, Hjorthøj, C, et al. Systemic oxidative DNA and RNA damage are not increased during early phases of psychosis: a case control study. Psychiatry Res. 2016; 241: 201–206.Google Scholar
21. Flatow, J, Buckley, P, Miller, BJ. Meta-analysis of oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2013; 74(6): 400–409.Google Scholar
22. Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M, Mac-Dowell, KS, Leza, JC, et al. Cognitive impairment is related to oxidative stress and chemokine levels in first psychotic episodes. Schizophr Res. 2012; 137(1–3): 66–72.Google Scholar
23. Raffa, M, Atig, F, Mhalla, A, Kerkeni, A, Mechri, A. Decreased glutathione levels and impaired antioxidant enzyme activities in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenic patients. BMC Psychiatry. 2011; 11: 124.Google Scholar
24. Micó, JA, Rojas-Corrales, MO, Gibert-Rahola, J, et al. Reduced antioxidant defense in early onset first-episode psychosis: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry. 2011; 11: 26.Google Scholar
25. Mansur, RB, Santos, CM, Rizzo, LB, Cunha, GR, Asevedo, E, Noto, MN, Pedrini, M, Zeni, M, Cordeiro, Q, McIntyre, RS, Brietzke, E. Inter-relation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and antioxidant enzymes in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2016; 18(5): 433–439.Google Scholar
26. Gong, Y, Zhao, R, Yang, B. Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in patients with travel-induced psychosis. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2012; 24(3): 155–161.Google Scholar
27. Sarandol, A, Sarandol, E, Acikgoz, HE, Eker, SS, Akkaya, C, Dirican, M. First-episode psychosis is associated with oxidative stress: Effects of short-term antipsychotic treatment. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015; 69(11): 699–707.Google Scholar
28. Zhang, XY, Zhou, DF, Cao, LY, Zhang, PY, Wu, GY, Shen, YC. The effect of risperidone treatment on superoxide dismutase in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003; 23(2): 128–131.Google Scholar
29. Perkins, DO, Gu, H, Boteva, K, Lieberman, JA. Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a critical review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162(10): 1785–1804.Google Scholar
30. Killackey, E, Yung, AR. Effectiveness of early intervention in psychosis. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007; 20(2): 121–125.Google Scholar
31. Fusar-Poli, P, Bonoldi, I, Yung, AR, et al. Predicting psychosis: meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012; 69(3): 220–229.Google Scholar
32. Cannon, TD, Cadenhead, K, Cornblatt, B, et al. Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: a multisite longitudinal study in North America. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65(1): 28–37.Google Scholar
33. McGorry, PD, Nelson, B, Amminger, GP, et al. Intervention in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a review and future directions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009; 70(9): 1206–1212.Google Scholar
34. Fusar-Poli, P, Carpenter, WT, Woods, SW, McGlashan, TH. Attenuated psychosis syndrome: ready for DSM-5.1? Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014; 10: 155–192.Google Scholar
35. Tsuang, MT, Van Os, J, Tandon, R, et al. Attenuated psychosis syndrome in DSM-5. Schizophr Res. 2013; 150(1): 31–35.Google Scholar