Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T04:56:38.380Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Neurocognitive Function in Schizophrenia at a 10-Year Follow-Up: A Preliminary Investigation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Matthew M. Kurtz ,
James C. Seltzer ,
Jennifer L. Ferrand  and
Bruce E. Wexler
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction: A wealth of evidence indicates that neurocognitive deficits are evident in patients with schizophrenia at both illness onset and after many years of treatment. Little is known regarding if or how these deficits change during the lifespan. The goal of the study was to evaluate changes in full-scale intelligence quotient and neurocognitive test performance over a 10-year interval in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Twelve patients were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised as a measure of intellectual function and a neuropsycshological test battery including measures of attention, verbal and nonverbal memory, language, visuospatial function, problem-solving, and motor function at entry to the study and at a 10-year follow-up.

Results: With the exception of performance on a measure of speeded motor sequencing, there was no significant decline in any of the measures at 10-year follow-up. Results from a measure of sustained auditory attention showed improvement at follow-up.

Discussion: These data support a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia for young adult to middle-age patients by suggesting that neurocognitive deficits that emerge either before disease onset or early in the course of the illness remain stable as the patient ages.

Conclusion: Overall, measures of intelligence quotient as well as specific neurocognitive skills, do not decline over a 10-year period in at least a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia.

Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , April 2005 , pp. 277 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Kraepelin, E. Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia. Edinburgh, Scotland: Livingstone; 1919.Google Scholar
2.Fucetola, R, Seidman, LJ, Kremen, WS, Faraone, SV, Goldstein, JM, Tsuang, MT. Age and neuropsychologic function in schizophrenia: a decline in executive abilities beyond that observed in healthy volunteers. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48:137–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Heaton, RK, Gladsjoe, JA, Palmer, BW, Kuck, J, Marcotte, TD, Jeste, DV. Stability and course of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:24–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Censits, DM, Ragland, JD, Gur, RC, Gur, RE. Neuropsychological evidence supporting a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: a longitudinal study. Schizophr Res. 1997;24:289–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Rund, BR. A review of longitudinal studies of cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull. 1998;24:425–435.Google Scholar
6.Gold, S, Arndt, S, Nopoulos, P, O'Leary, DS, Andreasen, NC. Longitudinal study of cognitive function in first-episode and recent-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1342–1348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Hoff, AL, Sakuma, M, Wieneke, M, Horon, R, Kushner, M, DeLisi, LE. Longitudinal neuropsychological follow-up study of patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1336–1341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Bilder, RM, Kipschultz-Broch, L, Reiter, G, et al.Neuropsychological deficits in the early course of first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1991;5:198–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Hoff, A, Riordan, H, O'Donnell, D, DeLisi, L. Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuropsychological test findings in first episode schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res. 1991;5:197–198.Google Scholar
10.Sweeney, JA, Haas, GL, Keilp, JG, Long, M. Evaluation of the stability of neuropsychological functioning after acute episodes of schizophrenia: one-year followup study. Psychiatry Res. 1991;38:63–76.Google Scholar
11.First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0). New York, NY: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1995.Google Scholar
12.Seltzer, J, Conrad, C, Cassens, G. Neuropsychological profiles in schizophrenia: paranoid versus undifferentiated distinctions. Schizophr Res. 1997;23:131–138.Google Scholar
13.Mesulam, MM. Principles of Behavioral Neurology. Philadelphia, Penn: F.A. Davis Company; 1985.Google Scholar
14.Benton, AL, Hamsher, K. Multilingual Aphasia Examination. 2nd ed. Iowa City, IA: AJA Associates; 1989.Google Scholar
15.Matthews, CG, Klove, H. Instruction Manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. Madison, Wisc: University of Wisconsin Medical School; 1964.Google Scholar
16.Tueber, HL, Battersby, WS, Bender, MB. Visual Field Effects After Penetrating Missile Wounds of the Brain. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1960.Google Scholar
17.Rey, A. The Clinical Exam in Psychology [French]. Paris, France: Presses Univeritaries de France; 1964.Google Scholar
18.Meyers, JE, Meyers, KR. Rey Complex Figure Test and Recognition Trial. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 1995.Google Scholar
19.Spreen, O, Strauss, E. A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1991.Google Scholar
20.Wechsler, D. WAIS-R Manual. New York, NY: The Psychological Corporation; 1981.Google Scholar
21.Heaton, R, Chelune, GJ, Talley, JL, Kay, GG, Curtiss, G. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual Revised and Expanded. Odessa, FL; Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 1993.Google Scholar
22.Heaton, RK, Grant, I, Matthews, CG. Comprehensive Norms for an Expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery: Demographic Corrections, Research Findings, and Clinical Applications. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 1991.Google Scholar
23.Gladsjoe, JA, Miller, SW, Heaton, RK. Norms for Letter and Category Fluency: Demographic Corrections for Age, Education and Ethnicity. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 1999.Google Scholar
24.Geffen, G, Moar, KJ, O'Hanlon, AP, Clark, CR, Geffen, LB. Performance measures of 16-89 year-old males and females on the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 1990;4:45–63.Google Scholar
25.Stirling, J, White, C, Lewis, S, et al.Neurocognitive function and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up of an epidemiological cohort. Schizophr Res. 2003;65:75–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1977.Google Scholar