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Mesolimbic dopamine and its neuromodulators in obesity and binge eating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2015

Lindsay Naef ,
Kimberley A. Pitman  and
Stephanie L. Borgland
Lindsay Naef
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Kimberley A. Pitman
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Stephanie L. Borgland*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
*
*Address for correspondence: Stephanie Borgland, PhD, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Obesity has reached epidemic prevalence, and much research has focused on homeostatic and nonhomeostatic mechanisms underlying overconsumption of food. Mesocorticolimbic circuitry, including dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is a key substrate for nonhomeostatic feeding. The goal of the present review is to compare changes in mesolimbic dopamine function in human obesity with diet-induced obesity in rodents. Additionally, we will review the literature to determine if dopamine signaling is altered with binge eating disorder in humans or binge eating modeled in rodents. Finally, we assess modulation of dopamine neurons by neuropeptides and peripheral peptidergic signals that occur with obesity or binge eating. We find that while decreased dopamine concentration is observed with obesity, there is inconsistency outside the human literature on the relationship between striatal D2 receptor expression and obesity. Finally, few studies have explored how orexigenic or anorexigenic peptides modulate dopamine neuronal activity or striatal dopamine in obese models. However, ghrelin modulation of dopamine neurons may be an important factor for driving binge feeding in rodents.

Keywords

Diet-induced obesityhormonesmesolimbic dopamineneuropeptidesstriatumventral tegmental area
Type
Review Articles
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 20 , Special Issue 6: Binge Eating Disorder Differentiating from General Obesity , December 2015 , pp. 574 - 583
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2015 

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