Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T01:48:21.723Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Do pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder overlap? a neurocognitive perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2012

Ji-Won Hur ,
Na young Shin ,
Sung Nyun Kim ,
Joon Hwan Jang ,
Jung-Seok Choi ,
Young-Chul Shin  and
Jun Soo Kwon
Ji-Won Hur
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
Na young Shin
Affiliation:
Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
Sung Nyun Kim
Affiliation:
Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Joon Hwan Jang
Affiliation:
Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Jung-Seok Choi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
Young-Chul Shin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Jun Soo Kwon*
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
*
*Address for correspondence: Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-no, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea. (Email [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective

Pathological gambling (PG) is a severe and persistent pattern of problem gambling that has been aligned with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, no study has compared the neurocognitive profiles of individuals with PG and OCD.

Methods

We compared neurocognitive functioning, including executive function, verbal learning and memory, and visual–spatial organization and memory among 16 pathological gamblers, 31 drug-naïve OCD subjects, and 52 healthy controls.

Results

The only neurocognitive marker common to both groups was increased fragmentation errors on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). The PG subjects showed increased nonperseverative error on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and organization difficulties in the ROCF, whereas the OCD subjects revealed longer response times on the Stroop test and retention difficulties on the immediate recall scale of the ROCF.

Conclusions

A more careful approach is required in considering whether PG is a part of the OCD spectrum, as little evidence of neurocognitive overlap between PG and OCD has been reported.

Keywords

Diagnosisneurocognitive profilesobsessive-compulsive disorderpathological gamblingRey–Osterrieth complex figure test
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , December 2012 , pp. 207 - 213
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Potenza, MN, Kosten, TR, Rounsaville, BJ. Pathological gambling. JAMA. 2001; 286(2): 141–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.Google Scholar
3.Potenza, MN. The neurobiology of pathological gambling and drug addiction: an overview and new findings. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B, Biol Sci. 2008; 363(1507): 3181–3189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Riggs, DS, Foa, EB. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: Barlow DH, ed. Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press; 1993: 189–239.Google Scholar
5.Raylu, N, Oei, TPS. Pathological gambling: A comprehensive review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2002; 22(7): 1009–1061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Lesieur, H. Compulsive gambling. Society. 1992; 29(4): 43–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Black, DW, Moyer, T. Clinical features and psychiatric comorbidity of subjects with pathological gambling behavior. Psychiatr Serv. 1998; 49(11): 1434–1439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Hollander, E, Wong, CM. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995; 56(suppl 4): 3–6.Google ScholarPubMed
9.Durdle, H, Gorey, KM, Stewart, SH. A meta-analysis examining the relations among pathological gambling, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive traits. Psychol Rep. 2008; 103(2): 485–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Potenza, MN. Impulsivity and compulsivity in pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007; 29(2): 105–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Kim, SW, Grant, JE. Personality dimensions in pathological gambling disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2001; 104(3): 205–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Black, DW, Goldstein, R, Noyes, R, Blum, N. Compulsive behaviors and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Lack of a relationship between OCD, eating disorders, and gambling. Compr Psychiatry. 1994; 35(2): 145–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Blanco, C, Moreyra, P, Nunes, EV, Saiz-Ruiz, J, Ibanez, A. Pathological gambling: addiction or compulsion? Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2001; 6(3): 167–176.Google ScholarPubMed
14.Rhinewine, JP, Lencz, T, Thaden, EP, etal. Neurocognitive profile in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia: Clinical correlates. Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 58(9): 705–712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Ferrier, IN, Thompson, JM. Cognitive impairment in bipolar affective disorder: implications for the bipolar diathesis. Br J Psychiatry. 2002; 180(4): 293–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Rugle, L, Melamed, L. Neuropsychological assessment of attention problems in pathological gamblers. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993; 181(2): 107–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Regard, M, Knoch, D, Gütling, E, Landis, T. Brain damage and addictive behavior: a neuropsychological and electroencephalogram investigation with pathologic gamblers. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev. 2003; 16(1): 47–53.Google ScholarPubMed
18.Brand, M, Kalbe, E, Labudda, K, etal. Decision-making impairments in patients with pathological gambling. Psychiatry Res. 2005; 133(1): 91–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Greenberg, MT, Kusché, CA, Riggs, N. The PATHS curriculum: theory and research on neurocognitive development and school success. In: Zins JE, Weissberg RP, Wang MC, Walberg HJ, eds. Building Academic Success on Social and Emotional Learning. New York: Teachers College Press; 2004: 170.Google Scholar
20.Marazziti, D, Catena Dell'Osso, M, Conversano, C, etal. Executive function abnormalities in pathological gamblers. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2008; 4(1): 7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Heaton, RK, Chelune, GJ, Talley, JL, Kay, GG, Curtiss, G. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1993.Google Scholar
22.Cavedini, P, Riboldi, G, Keller, R, D'Annucci, A, Bellodi, L. Frontal lobe dysfunction in pathological gambling patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2002; 51(4): 334–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Lesieur, H, Blume, S. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): a new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. Am J Psychiatry. 1987; 144(9): 1184–1188.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Mataix-Cols, D, Alonso, P, Pifarré, J, Menchón, JM, Vallejo, J. Neuropsychological performance in medicated vs. unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2002; 109(3): 255–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Pallanti, S, DeCaria, C, Grant, JE, Urpe, M, Hollander, E. Reliability and validity of the Pathological Gambling Adaptation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS). J Gambl Stud. 2005; 21(4): 431–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Spitzer, R, Gibbon, M, Williams, J. Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders (SCID). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Assocication; 1995.Google Scholar
27.Goodman, WK, Price, LH, Rasmussen, SA, etal. The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989; 46(11): 1006–1011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Beck, AT, Steer, RA. BDI, Beck Depression Inventory: Manual. Philadelphia: Center for Cognitive Therapy; 1978.Google Scholar
29.Beck, AT, Epstein, N, Brown, G, Steer, RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988; 56(6): 893–897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Kim, Z-S, Lee, Y-S. Validity of short forms of the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Korean J Clin Psychol. 1995; 14: 111–116.Google Scholar
31.Reitan, RM. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills. 1958; 8(3): 271–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Benton, A. Development of a multilingual aphasia battery: progress and problems. J Neurol Sci. 1969; 9(1): 39–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Mattis, S. Dementia Rating Scale. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1988.Google Scholar
34.Kertesz, A. Western Aphasia Battery Test Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1982.Google Scholar
35.Trenerry, MR, Crosson, B, DeBoe, J, Leber, WR. Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1989.Google Scholar
36.Lezak, MD. Neuropsychological Assessment, 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2004.Google Scholar
37.Kang, YW, Kim, JK. Korean-California Verbal Learning Test (K-CVLT): a normative study. Korean J Clin Psychol. 1997; 16(2): 379–396.Google Scholar
38.Delis, DC, Kramer, J, Kaplan, E, Ober, BA. California Verbal Learning Test. New York: Psychological Corporation; 1987.Google Scholar
39.Shin, MS, Park, SY, Park, SR, Seol, SH, Kwon, JS. Clinical and empirical applications of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test. Nat Protoc. 2006; 1(2): 892–899.Google ScholarPubMed
40.Stern, RA, Singer, EA, Duke, LM, etal. The Boston Qualitative Scoring System for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: description and interrater reliability. Clin Neuropsychol. 1994; 8(3): 309–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Li, C-SR. Do schizophrenia patients make more perseverative than non-perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test? A meta-analytic study. Psychiatry Res. 2004; 129(2): 179–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Barceló, F, Knight, RT. Both random and perseverative errors underlie WCST deficits in prefrontal patients. Neuropsychologia. 2002; 40(3): 349–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43.Burgess, PW, Shallice, T. Bizarre responses, rule detection and frontal lobe lesions. Cortex. 1996; 32(2): 241–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Gehring, WJ, Knight, RT. Lateral prefrontal damage affects processing selection but not attention switching. Cogn Brain Res. 2002; 13(2): 267–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45.Smith, EE, Jonides, J. Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science. 1999; 283(5408): 1657–1661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46.Kim, M-S, Park, S-J, Shin, MS, Kwon, JS. Neuropsychological profile in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder over a period of 4-month treatment. J Psychiatr Res. 2002; 36(4): 257–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Chamberlain, SR, Blackwell, AD, Fineberg, NA, Robbins, TW, Sahakian, BJ. The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: the importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005; 29(3): 399–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Abbruzzese, M, Ferri, S, Scarone, S. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: no evidence for involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res. 1995; 58(1): 37–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Olley, A, Malhi, G, Sachdev, P. Memory and executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a selective review. J Affect Disord. 2007; 104(1–3): 15–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50.Rao, NP, Reddy, YCJ, Kumar, KJ, Kandavel, T, Chandrashekar, CR. Are neuropsychological deficits trait markers in OCD? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 32(6): 1574–1579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Bannon, S, Gonsalvez, CJ, Croft, RJ, Boyce, PM. Response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2002; 110(2): 165–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52.Seidman, LJ, Stone, WS, Jones, R, Harrison, RH, Mirsky, AF. Comparative effects of schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy on memory. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1998; 4(4): 342–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Sullivan, EV, Mathalon, DH, Ha, CN, Zipursky, RB, Pfefferbaum, A. The contribution of constructional accuracy and organizational strategy to nonverbal recall in schizophrenia and chronic alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry. 1992; 32(4): 312–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Dawson, LK, Grant, I. Alcoholics’ initial organizational and problem-solving skills predict learning and memory performance on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2000; 6(1): 12–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 development: pathological gambling http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=210#, 2010 (accessed 12 May 2012).Google Scholar
56.Shin, Y-C, Lim, S-W, Choi, S-W, Kim, S, Grant, J. Comparison of temperament and character between early- and late-onset Korean male pathological gamblers. J Gambl Stud. 2009; 25(4): 447–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed