Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T17:16:52.223Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Altered CSF 5-HIAA Disposition in Pathologic Male Gamblers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Conny Nordin  and
Thomas Eklundh
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Previous reports concerning the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pathologic gamblers have described disturbed norepinephrine and dopamine (but not serotonin) functioning in the central nervous system. We analyzed neurotransmitter metabolites in two consecutive 6-mL samples of CSF obtained from 10 pathologic male gamblers punctured at the L4-5 level following 8 hours of fasting along with strict bed rest. Data were compared with those for healthy male controls. In conformity with findings in healthy male controls, we found gradients in CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), but not 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG). Expressing the CSF concentrations as nmol x L-1 x min-1 of tapping time (an estimate of the mass flow through the needle), the levels of 5-HIAA and HMPG (but not HVA) were found to be significantly lower in gamblers. Levels of 5-HIAA and HVA showed a significant correlation in gamblers but not in healthy controls. Taking tapping time into account, the CSF levels of HMPG and 5-HIAA were significantly lower in gamblers. We concluded that, in light of previous CSF findings of disturbed norepinephrine and dopamine function, altered indolamine function cannot be fully ruled out.

Type
Feature Articles—Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 4 , Issue 12: Social Phobia , December 1999 , pp. 25 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987.Google Scholar
2.Bergh, C, Kühlhorn, E. The development of pathological gambling in Sweden. Journal of Gambling Studies. 1994;10:261–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Bergh, C, Kühlhorn, E. Social, psychological and physical consequences of pathological gambling in Sweden. Journal of Gambling Studies. 1994;10:275–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Roy, A, Adinoff, B, Roerich, L, et al.Pathological gambling: a psychobiological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45:369–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Roy, A, De Jong, J, Linnoila, M. Extraversion in pathological gamblers: correlates with indexes of noradrenergic function. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:679–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Moreno, I, Saiz-Ruiz, J, Lopez-Ibor, J. Serotonin and gambling dependence. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1991;6:S9–S12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.DeCaria, CM, Hollander, E, Grosman, R, Wong, CM, Mosovich, SA, Cherkasky, S. Diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment of pathological gambling. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57(suppl 8):80–84.Google ScholarPubMed
8.Bertilsson, L, Åsberg, M. Amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid as a measure of central neurotransmitter function: methodological aspects. In: Usdin, E, Åsberg, M, Bertilsson, L, Sjöqvist, F, eds. Frontiers in Biochemical and Pharmacological Research in Depression. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1984:27–34.Google Scholar
9.Siever, L, Kraemer, H, Sack, R, et al.Gradients of biogenic amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Dis Nerv Syst. 1975;36:13–16.Google ScholarPubMed
10.Andersen, O, Johansson, BB, Svennerholm, L. Monoamine metabolites in successive samples of spinal fluid. Acta Neurol Scand. 1981;63:247–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Bertilsson, L, Åsberg, M, Lantto, O, Scalia-Tomba, G-P, Träskman-Bendz, L, Tybring, G. Gradients of monoamine metabolites and cortisol in cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric patients and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res. 1982;6:77–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Nordin, C, Eklundh, T, Fernström, V, Swedin, A, Zachau, AC. Gradients of CSF monoamine metabolites: a comparison between male and female volunteers. J Psychiatr Res. 1995;29:133–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Eklundh, T, Eriksson, M, Sjöberg, S, Nordin, C. Monoamine precursors, transmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in healthy male subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 1996;30:201–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Nordin, C, Bertilsson, L, Siwers, B. Site of lumbar puncture influences levels of monoamine metabolites. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:1445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Nordin, C. Gradients of monoamine metabolites in relation to position of the lumbar puncture needle. Biol Psychiatry. 1989;25:513–516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Nordin, C. CSF spinal gradients of 5-HIAA. Biol Psychiatry. 1991;29:302–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Nordin, C, Swedin, A, Zachau, A. Tapping-time influences concentrations of 5-HIAA in the CSF. J Psychiatr Res. 1993;27:409–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Jönsson, E, Sedvall, G, Brené, S, et al.Dopamine-related genes and their relationships to monoamine metabolites in CSF. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;40:1032–1043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Eklundh, T, Fernström, V, Nordin, C. Influence of tapping-time and atmospheric pressure on concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in female volunteers. J Psychiatr Res. 1994;28:511–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Nordin, C, Swedin, A, Zachau, A. CSF 5-HIAA and atmospheric pressure. Biol Psychiatry. 1992;31:644–645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Nordin, C, Lindström, L, Wieselgren, I-M. Acid monoamine metabolites in the CSF of healthy controls punctured without preceding bedrest: a retrospective study. J Psychiatr Res. 1996;30:127–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Heilig, M, Månsson, JE, Blennow, K. Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and atmospheric pressure. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;39:299–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Bergh, C, Eklundh, T, Södersten, P, Nordin, C. Altered dopamine function in pathological gambling. Psychol Med. 1997;27:473–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Nordin, C, Eklundh, T. Lower CSF taurine levels in male pathological gamblers than in healthy controls. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1996;11:401–403.3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Nordin, C, Eklundh, T. Tapping-time is longer in pathological male gamblers than in healthy male controls. J Psychiatr Res. 1998;32:421–422.Google ScholarPubMed
26.Bertilsson, L. Quantitative mass fragmentography: a valuable tool in clinical psychopharmacology. In: Usdin, E, ed. Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry. New York, NY: Elsevier Press; 1981:59–71.Google Scholar
27.Potter, WZ, Manji, HK. Are monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid worth measuring? Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50:653–656.Google ScholarPubMed
28.Nordin, C, Bertilsson, L, Siwers, B. Clinical and biochemical effects during treatment of depression with nortriptyline: the role of 10-hydroxynortriptyline. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987;42:10–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Mehlman, PT, Higley, JD, Faucher, I, et al.Low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations and severe aggression and impaired impulse control in nonhuman primates. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151:1485–1491.Google ScholarPubMed
30.Garelis, E, Sourkes, TL. Sites of origin in the central nervous system of monoamine metabolites measured in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1973;36:625–629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Wood, J. Sites of origin and cerebrospinal fluid concentration gradients: neurotransmitters, their precursors and metabolites, and cyclic nucleotides. In: Wood, J, ed. Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Vol 1. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1980:768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Murphy, D, Pigott, TA, Grady, TA, et al.Affective, behavioral, and other non-endocrine physiologic responses to 5-HT 1/2 agonists and antagonists in humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1993;3:308–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Hartig, PR, Hoffman, BJ, Kaufman, MJ, Hirata, F. The 5-HT1C receptor. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1990;600:149–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Milhorat, T, Hammock, M. Cerebrospinal fluid as reflection of internal milieu of brain. In: Wood, J, ed. Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Vol 2. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1983:1–24.Google Scholar