Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T12:07:21.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Trichotillomania in Children and Adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Abstract

Trichotillomania (TTM), or hair pulling, in children and adolescents is a heterogeneous disorder requiring a sophisticated approach to each patient. Hair pulling in a young, preschool child may have a different etiology and prognosis than hair pulling in an adolescent. Treatment providers must have a clear understanding of an individual's hair-pulling history, family interactions, and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Behavioral strategies are the primary treatment for most children and adolescents, although there may be indications for pharmacotherapy in some individuals. While research in adult TTM has been increasing in recent years, fewer studies have investigated childhood hair pulling. This article will discuss aspects of TTM unique to children and adolescents and will provide a clinical description of childhood hair pullers and treatment strategies.

Type
Feature Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Hallopeau, FFM. Alopecie par grattage (trichomanie au trichotillomania). Ann Dermatol Venereal. 1889;10:441.Google Scholar
2.Halden, D. Epidemic alopecia. Br J Dermatol. 1914;26:207210.Google Scholar
3.Langford, WS. Disturbance in mother-infant relationship leading to apathy, extra-nutritional sucking and hairball. In: Caplan, G, ed. Emotional Problems of Early Childhood. New York, NY: Magic Books;5770.Google Scholar
4.Buxbaum, E. Hair pulling and fetishism. Psychoanal Study Child. 1960;15:243260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Greenberg, HR, Sarner, CA. Trichotillomania, symptom and syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965;12:482489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Ilan, E, Alexander, E. Eyelash and eyebrow pulling (trichotillomania) treatment of two adolescent girls. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1965;3:267281.Google ScholarPubMed
7.Anderson, FW, Dean, HC. Some aspects of child guidance clinic intake policy and practices: a study of 500 cases at the Los Angeles Child Guidance Clinics. LA Calif Pab Health Monograph. 1956;42:114.Google Scholar
8.King, RA, Scahill, L, Vitulano, LA, et al.Childhood trichotillomania: clinical phenomenology, comorbidity, and family genetics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:14511459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Christenson, GA, Pyle, RL, Mitchell, JE. Estimated lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania in college students. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991;52:415417.Google ScholarPubMed
10.Chang, CH, Lee, MB, Chiang, YC, et al.Trichotillomania: a clinical study of 36 patients. J Formosan Med Assoc. 1991;90:176180.Google ScholarPubMed
11.Reeve, EA, Bernstein, GA, Christenson, GA. Clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity in children with trichotillomania. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992;31:132138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Bhatia, MS, Singhal, PK, Rastogi, V, et al.Clinical profile of trichotillomania. J Indian Med Assoc. 1991;89:137139.Google ScholarPubMed
13.Muller, SA. Trichotillomania: a histopathological study in sixty-six patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;23:5662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Muller, SA, Winkelmann, RK. Trichotillomania, a clinicopathologic study of 24 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1972;105:535540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Swedo, SE, Leonard, HL. Trichotillomania: an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder? Psychiatric Clin North Am. 1992;15:777791.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Christenson, GA, Mackenzie, TB, Mitchell, JE. Characteristics of 60 adult chronic hair pullers. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148:365370.Google ScholarPubMed
17.Zaidens, SH. Self-inflicted dermatoses and their psychodynamics. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1951;113:395404.Google ScholarPubMed
18.Watson, TS, Allen, KD. Elimination of thumb-sucking as a treatment for severe trichotillomania. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry: 1993;32:830834.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Friman, PC, Hove, G. Apparent covariation between child habit disorders: effects of sucessful treatment for thumb sucking on untargeted chronic hair pulling. J Appl Behav Anal. 1987;20:421425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Knell, SM, Moore, DJ. Childhood trichotillomania treated indirectly by punishing thumb sucking. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1998;19:305310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Swedo, SE, Leonard, HL, Garvey, M, et al.Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155:264271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Delgado, RA, Mannino, FV. Some observations on trichotillomania in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1969;8:229246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Azrin, NH, Nunn, RG. Habit-reversal: a method of eliminating nervous habits and tics. Behav Res Ther. 1973;11:619628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Azrin, NH, Nunn, RG. Habit Control in a Day. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster; 1977.Google Scholar
25.Vitulano, LA, King, RA, Scahill, L, et al.Behavioral treatment of children and adolescents with trichotillomania. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992;31:139146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Peterson, AL, Camprise, RL, Azrin, NH. Behavioral and pharmacological treatments for tic and habit disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1994;15:430441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Tarnowski, Kj, Rosen, LA, McGrath, ML, et al.A modified habit reversal procedure in a recalcitrant case of trichotillomania. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiat. 1987;18:157163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar