Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T00:46:15.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-Report and Objective Measures of ADHD-Related Behaviors in Parents of Preschool Children at Risk for ADHD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Elizabeth A. Curko Kera ,
David J. Marks ,
Olga G. Berwid ,
Amita Santra  and
Jeffrey M. Halperin
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective: Few studies have used a combination of objective and self-report measures to examine neuropsychological and behavioral functioning in parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined attention and inhibitory control in the parents of preschool children who were rated as “at risk” for developing ADHD as compared with parents of controls.

Methods:Preschool children (N=53) were divided into at risk for ADHD and control groups based on parent and teacher ratings of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ADHD symptoms. One parent of each child was administered an identical pairs Continuous Performance Test (CPTIP), a Go/No-Go task, and the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults.

Results: Parents of preschoolers at risk for ADHD showed a pattern of responding on measures of vigilance characterized by slower reaction times and increased commission errors as compared with parents of controls. There were no significant group differences on self-report measures on the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults.

Conclusion: Parents of preschoolers at risk for ADHD appear to exhibit cognitive processing deficits that may not be evident using self-report measures. Further research is needed to more clearly identify the specific nature of these neuropsychological deficits and to determine whether they have a negative impact on their children.

Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 9 , Issue 9 , September 2004 , pp. 639 - 647
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.Google Scholar
2. Biederman, J, Faraone, S, Keenan, K, Knee, D, Tsuang, M. Family-genetic and psychosocial risk factors in DSM-III attention deficit disorder. J Acad Adolesc Psychiatry. 1990;29:526–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Biederman, J, Faraone, SV, Mick, E, et al. High risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children of parents with childhood onset of the disorder: a pilot study. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:431–435.Google ScholarPubMed
4. Epstein, JN, Conners, CK, Erhardt, D, et al. Familial aggregation of ADHD characteristics. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2000;28:585–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Smalley, S, McGough, JJ, Del'Homme, M, et al. Familial clustering of symptoms and disruptive behaviors in multiplex families with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:1135–1143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Sprich, S, Biederman, J, Crawford, MH, Mundy, E, Faraone, SV. Adoptive and biological families of children and adolescents with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:1432–1437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Stevenson, J. Evidence for a genetic etiology in hyperactivity in children. Behav Genet. 1992;2:337–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Swanson, JM, Flodman, P, Kennedy, J, et al. Dopamine genes and ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24:21–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Swanson, J, Deutsch, C, Cantwell, D, et al. Genes and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Neuroscience Research. 2001;1:207–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Campbell, SB, Breaux, AM, Ewing, LJ, Szumowski, EK, Pierce, EW. Parent-identified problem preschoolers: mother-child interaction during play at intake and 1-year follow-up. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1986;143:425–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Cunningham, CE, Barkley, RA. The interactions of normal and hyperactive children with their mothers in free play and structured tasks. Child Dev. 1979;50:217–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Johnston, C. Parent characteristics and parent-child interactions in families of nonproblem children and ADHD children with higher and lower levels of oppositional-defiant behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996;24:85–104CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Barkley, RA. The effects of methylphenidate on the interactions of preschool ADHD children with their mothers. J Am Acad Chid Adolesc Psychiatry. 1988;27:336–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Seidman, LJ, Biederman, J, Weber, W, Hatch, M, Faraone, SV. Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44:260–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Wender, PH. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1998;21:761–774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16. Wender, PH, Wolf, LE, Wasserstein, J. Adults with ADHD. An Overview. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;931:1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Murphy, P. Inhibitory control in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord. 2002;6;1–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Murphy, P. Cognitive functioning in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord. 2002;5:203–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Biederman, J, Munir, K, Knee, D, et al. A family study of patients with attention deficit disorder and normal controls. J Psychiatr Res. 1986;20:263–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Biederman, J, Munir, K, Knee, D, et al. High rate of affective disorders in probands with attention deficit disorder and in their relatives: a controlled family study. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144:30–333.Google ScholarPubMed
21. Biederman, J, Faraone, S, Keenan, K, et al. Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49:728–738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Cunningham, CE, Boyle, MH. Preschoolers at risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and opposttional defiant disorder: family, parenting, and behavioral correlates. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2002;30:555–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Murphy, K, Barkley, RA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments. Compr Psychiatry. 1996;37:393–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Biederman, J, Faraone, SV, Monuteaux, MC. Impact of exposure to parental attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder on clinical features and dysfunction in the offspring. Psychol Med. 2002;32:817–827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. Barkley, RA. Behavioral inhibtion, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull. 1997;121:65–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Chhabildas, N, Pennington, BF, Willcutt, EG. A comparison of the neuropsychological profiles of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2001;29:529–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Shallice, T, Marzocchi, GM, Coser, S, Del Savio, M, Meuter, RF, Rumiati, RI. Executive function profile of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Dev Neuropsychol. 2002;21:43–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Kovner, R, Budman, C, Frank, Y, Sison, C, Lesser, M, Halperin, J. Neuropsychological testing in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. Int J Neurosci. 1998;96:225–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Johnson, DE, Epstein, JN, Waid, LR, Latham, PK, Voronin, KE, Anton, RF. Neuropsychological performance deficits in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2001;16:587–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. Alberts-Corush, J, Firestone, P, Goodman, J. Attention and impulsivity characteristics of the biological and adoptive parents of hyperactive and normal control children. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1986;56:413–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31. Murphy, KR, Barkley, RA. parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: psychological and attentional impairment. Am J Orthopsjchiotry. 1996;66:93–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Nigg, JT, Swanson, JM, Hinshaw, SP. Covert visual spatial attention in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: lateral effects, methylphenidate response and results for parents. Neuropsychologia. 1997;35:165–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33. Estes, WK. A technique for assessing variability of perceptual span. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965;54:403–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34. Buschke, H, Fuld, PA. Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology. 1974;11:1019–1025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35. Swanson, JM, Posner, MI, Potkin, S, Bonforte, S, Youpa, D, Fiore, C et al. Activating tasks for the study of visual-spatial attention in ADHD children: A cognitive anatomic approach. J Child Neurol. 1991;6:S119–S127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Faries, D, Yalcin, I, Harder, D, Heiligenstein, J. Validation of the ADHD Rating Scale as a clinician administered and scored. J Atten Disord. 2001;5:107–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37. Campbell, SB. Behavior Problems in Preschool Children: Clinical and Developmental Issues. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2002.Google Scholar
38. Loeber, R, Green, SM, Lahey, BB, Stouthamer-Loeber, M. Differences and similarities between children, mothers, and teachers as informants on disruptive child behavior. J Abnorm Chili Psychol. 1991;19:75–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39. Hinton, VJ, Halperin, JM, Dobkin, CS, Ding, XH, Brown, WT, Miezejeski, CM. Cognitive and molecular aspects of fragile X. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1995;17:518–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40. Brown, TE. Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales: Manual. San Antonio, Tex: Psychological Corporation; 1996.Google Scholar
41. Ollman, R. Fast guesses in choice reaction time. Psychonomic Sciences. 1966;6:155–156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42. Millstein, R, Wilens, T, Biederman, J, Spencer, T. Presenting ADHD symptoms and subtypes in clinically referred adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 1997;2:159–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43. Halperin, JM, Wolf, LE, Pascualvaca, DM, et al. Differential assessment of attention and impulsivity in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1988;27:326–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44. Halperin, JM, Wolf, L, Greenblatt, E, Young, G. Subtype analysis of commission errors on the continuous performance test in children. Dev Neuropsychol. 1991;7:207–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Rucklidge, JJ, Tannock, R. Validity of the Brown ADD scales: an investigation in a predominantly inattentive ADHD adolescent sample with and without reading disabilities. J Atten Disord. 2002;5:155–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46. Barkley, R. Psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:36–43.Google ScholarPubMed