Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T19:58:13.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Co-morbidity in Adults with ADHD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Extract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly co-morbid across the life span. However, co-morbidity is not uniform across time; individual co-morbid conditions tend to occur at different times developmentally, with rates often reflecting lifetime occurrence (Slide 1). In addition to changes in the rates of co-morbidity, the nature of co-morbidity may also differ in late adolescence/adulthood, when co-morbid conditions can be especially impairing (eg, antisocial disorder, substance use disorder [SUD], more severe mood disorders).

Type
Expert Roundtable Supplement
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Newcorn, JH, Ivanov, I, Sharma, V, Schulz, K, Halperin, JM. Attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders. In: Tasman, A, Kay, J, Lieberman, JA, eds. Psychiatry. 3rd ed.Philadelphia, PA; W.B. Saunders: 2008.Google Scholar
2.Millstein, RB, Wilens, TE, Biederman, J, Spencer, TJ.Presenting ADHD symptoms and subtypes in clinically referred adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 1997;2:159166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Kessler, RC, Adler, L, Barkley, R, et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(4):716723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Shekim, WO, Asarnow, RF, Hess, E, Zaucha, K, Wheeler, N.A clinical and demographic profile of a sample of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, residual state. Compr Psychiatry. 1990;31(5):416425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Biederman, J, Faraone, SV, Spencer, T.Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150(12):17921798.Google ScholarPubMed
6.Wilens, TE.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the substance use disorders: The nature of the relationship, subtypes at risk and treatment issues. Psych Clin N Am. 2004;27:283–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Fones, CS, Pollack, MH, Susswein, L, Otto, M.History of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features among adults with panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 2000;58(2):99106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Alpert, JE, Maddocks, A, Nierenberg, AA, et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood among adults with major depression. Psychiatry Res. 1996;62(3):213219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Nierenberg, AA, Miyahara, S, Spencer, T, et al. Clinical and diagnostic implications of lifetime attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity in adults with bipolar disorder: data from the first 1000 STEP-BD participants. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(11):14671473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Fischer, M, Barkley, RA, Smallish, L, Fletcher, K.Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: self-reported psychiatric disorders, comorbidity, and the role of childhood conduct problems and teen CD. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2002;30(5):463475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Mannuzza, S, Klein, RG, Bessler, A, Malloy, P, LaPadula, M.Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(4):493498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1980.Google Scholar
13.Murphy, K, Barkley, RA.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments. Compr Psychiatry. 1996;37(6):393401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Wilens, TE, Biederman, J, Mick, E, Faraone, SV, Spencer, T.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with early onset substance use disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185:475482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Levin, ED, Rezvani, AH.Nicotinic treatment for cognitive dysfunction. Curr Drug Targets. 2002;1(4):423431.Google ScholarPubMed
16.Weiss, G, Hechtman, L, Milroy, T, Perlman, T.Psychiatric status of hyperac-tives as adults: a controlled prospective 15-year follow-up of 63 hyperactive children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985;24(2):211220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Seidman, LJ, Biederman, J, Weber, W, Hatch, M, Faraone, SV.Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44(4):260268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Biederman, J, Faraone, SV, Spencer, T, Wilens, T, Mick, E, Lapey, KA.Gender differences in a sample of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1994;53(1):1329CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Biederman, J, Petty, C, Fried, R, et al. Impact of psychometrically defined deficits of executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(10):17301738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Rey, JM, Morris-Yates, A, Singh, M, Andrews, G, Stewart, GW.Continuities between psychiatric disorders in adolescents and personality disorders in young adults. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(6):895900. Comment in: Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(7):967.Google ScholarPubMed
21.Barkley, RA, Fischer, M, Smallish, L, Fletcher, K.Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: antisocial activities and drug use. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45(2):195211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Fossati, A, Novella, L, Donati, D, Donini, M, Maffei, C.History of childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and borderline personality disorder: a controlled study. Compr Psychiatry. 2002;43(5):369377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Miller, CJ, Miller, SR, Newcorn, JH, Halperin, JM.Personality characteristics associated with persistent ADHD in late adolescence. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008;36(2):165173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Flory, JD, Newcorn, JH, Miller, C, Harty, S, Halperin, JM.Serotonergic function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: relationship to later antisocial personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;190:410414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed