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Zeolites in Eocene Basaltic Pillow Lavas of the Siletz River Volcanics, Central Coast Range, Oregon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Terry E. C. Keith  and
Lloyd W. Staples
Terry E. C. Keith
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025
Lloyd W. Staples
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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Abstract

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Zeolites and associated minerals occur in a tholeiitic basaltic pillow lava sequence that makes up part of the Eocene Siletz River Volcanics in the central Coast Range, Oregon. Regional zoning of zeolite assemblages is not apparent; the zeolites formed in joints, fractures, and interstices, although most occur in central cavities of basalt pillows. The zeolites and associated minerals identified, in general order of paragenetic sequence, are smectite, pyrite, calcite (small spheres), thomsonite, natrolite, analcime, scolecite, mesolite, stilbite, heulandite, apophyllite, chabazite, mordenite, calcite (scalenohedra and twinned rhombohedra), laumontite, and amethystine quartz. Common three-mineral assemblages are: natrolite-analcime-stilbite, stilbite-heulandite-chabazite, stilbite-apophyllite-chabazite, and natrolite-mesolite-laumontite.

Alteration of basaltic glass, which was initially abundant, appears to have been an important factor in formation of the zeolites. Isotopic data suggest that zeolitization occurred during a low-temperature (60°–70°C) submarine hydrothermal event, or by reactions of cold (∼10°C) meteoric water with basalt over a long time. The occurrence of different mineral assemblages in cavities of adjacent basalt pillows indicates that these minerals crystallized in closed systems that were isolated as fractures and joints were sealed by deposition of smectite and early zeolites. Although the total chemical composition of the mineral assemblages in cavities is similar, different mineral species formed because of the sensitivity of zeolite minerals to slight variations in physical and chemical conditions within individual cavities.

Резюме

Резюме

Цеолиты и связанные с ними минералы встречаются в толеитовой базальтовой подушковой лаве, которая является частью эоценовых вулканических пород Сайлетз Ривер в центральной области орегонского побережья. Районирование цеолитовых отложений не является очевидным; цеолиты формировались в узлах, тпещинах и щелях, но самое большое их количество находится в центральных пустотах базальтовых подушек. Цеолиты и связанные с ними минералы находятся в следующем общем порядке парагенетической серии: смектит, пирит, кальцит (малые шарики), томсонит, на-тролит, анальцим, сколесит, месолит, стильбит, гейландит, апофиллит, хабазит, морденит, кальцит (разносторонние тречгольники и спаренные ромбоэдры), ломонит, и аметистовый кварц. Обычные трех-минеральные составы это: натролит-аналышм-стильбит, стильбит-гейландит-хабазит, стиль-бит-апофиллит-хабазит, и натролит-месолит-ломонит.

Изменение базальтового стекла, которое сначала находилось в большом количестве, кажется значительным фактором в процессе формирования цеолитов. Изотопные данные указывают на то, что цеолитизация происходила во время низко-температурного подводного гидротермального превращения, или путем реакции холодной (∼ 10°С) атмосферической воды с базальтом в течение длинного периода времени. Залегание различных минеральных отложений в пустотах соседних базальтовых подушек указывает на то, что эти минералы кристаллизировались в замкнутых системах, которые были отвелены в виде трещин и узлов, уплотненных осаждением смектита и первоначальных цеолитов. Хотя полная химическая композиция минеральных отложений в пустотах являетсая подобной, различные минералы формировались в результате чувствительности цеолитовых минералов к небольшим изменениям в физических и химических условиях внутри индивидуальных пустот. [Е.G.]

Resümee

Resümee

Zeolithe und Begleitminerale treten in einer tholeitbasaltischen Abfolge von Pillowlaven auf, die einen Teil der eozänen Siletz River Vulkane, Central Coast Range, Oregon, darstellt. Eine regionale zonare Verteilung der Zeolithvergesellschaftungen ist nicht zu beobachten; die Zeolithe bildeten sich in Klüften, Spalten, und Zwischenräume, obwohl die meisten in zentralen Hohlräumen der Basaltpillows auftreten. Die identifizierten Zeolithe und Begleitminerale sind in der allgemeinen paragenetischen Abfolge: Smektit, Pyrit, Calcit (kleine Kugeln), Thomsonit, Natrolith, Analcim, Skolezit, Mesolith, Stilbit, Heulandit, Apophyllit, Chabasit, Mordenit, Calcit (Skalenoeder und verzwillingte Rhomboeder), Laumontit, und Amethyst-artiger Quarz. Häufige Vergesellschaftungen aus drei Mineralen sind Natrolith-Analcim-Stilbit, Stilbit-Heulandit-Chabasit, Stilbit-Apophyllit-Chabasit, und Natrolith-Mesolith-Laumontit.

Die Umwandlung von basaltischem Glas, das ursprünglich sehr häufig war, scheint bei der Zeolithbildung ein wichtiger Faktor gewesen zu sein. Isotopen-Daten deuten darauf hin, daß die Zeolithisierung während eines niedrig temperierten (60°–70°C) submarinen hydrothermalen Ereignisses stattgefunden hat, oder durch die Reaktion von kaltem (etwa 10°C) meteorischem Wasser mit dem Basalt über eine lange Zeit. Das Auftreten verschiedener Mineralvergesellschaftungen in den Hohlräumen benachbarter Basaltpillows deutet darauf hin, daß diese Minerale in geschlossenen Systemen kristallisierten, die voneinander getrennt waren, da die Spalten und Klüfte durch die Ablagerung von Smektit und früh gebildeten Zeolithen verschlossen waren. Obwohl der Gesamtchemismus der Mineralvergesellschaftungen in den Hohlräumen ähnlich ist, bildeten sich verschiedene Mineralarten. Der Grund ist die Empfindlichkeit der Zeolithminerale gegenüber geringen Änderungen der physikalischen und chemischen Bedingungen innerhalb der einzelnen Hohlräume. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

Des zéolites et minéraux associés se trouvent dans une séquence de laves “coussins” tholéiitiques basaltiques qui constitue une partie des roches volcaniques Eocènes de la Rivière Siletz dans la Coast Range Centrale, Oregon. Un zoning régional d'assemblages de zéolites n'est pas apparent; les zéolites se sont formées dans des joints, fractures et interstices, quoique la plupart se trouvent dans des cavités centrales de coussins de basalt. Les zéolites et minéraux associés identifiés, en ordre général de séquence paragénétique sont smectite, pyrite, calcite (petites sphères), thomsonite, natrolite, analcime, scolecite, mésolite, stilbite, heulandite, apophyllite, chabazite, mordénite, calcite (scalénohédrons et rhombohédrons jumellés), laumonite, et quartz amethystine. Des assemblages de 3 minéraux communs sont natrolite-analcime-stilbite, stilbite-heulandite-chabazite, stilbite-apophyllite-chabazite, et natrolite-mésolite-laumonite.

L'altération de verre basaltique, qui était abondant initialement, semble avoir été un facteur important dans la formation de zéolites. Les données isotopiques suggérent que la zéolitisation s'est passée pendant un évenement hydrothermique sousmarin à basse température (60°–70°C), ou par des réactions d'eau météorique froide avec du basalt pendant longtemps. L'emplacement de différents assemblages minéraux dans les cavités de coussins de basalt adjacents indique que ces minéraux se sont cristallisés dans des systèmes fermés qui étaient isolés, comme les fractures et les joints étaient hermétiquement fermés par le dépôt de smectite et des premières zéolites. Quoique la composition chimique totale des assemblages minéraux dans les cavités est semblable, des espèces de minéraux différents se sont formées à cause de la sensitivité des minéraux zéolites à de légères variations dans les conditions physiques et chimiques au sein des cavités individuelles. [D.J.]

Keywords

AnalcimeApophylliteIsotope abundanceLaumontiteMesolitePillow lavaSmectiteZeolites
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , April 1985 , pp. 135 - 144
Copyright
Copyright © 1985, The Clay Minerals Society

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