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X-ray Diffraction and Thermal Analysis of Bauxite Ore-Processing Waste (Red Mud) Exchanged with Arsenate and Phosphate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Paola Castaldi ,
Margherita Silvetti ,
Stefano Enzo  and
Salvatore Deiana
Paola Castaldi*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Agrarie e Biotecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Sez. Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Margherita Silvetti
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Agrarie e Biotecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Sez. Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Stefano Enzo
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Salvatore Deiana
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Agrarie e Biotecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Sez. Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

The use of waste materials from mineral ore processing has much potential for immobilizing pollutants such as arsenic (As) in natural soils and waters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate red mud (RM, a finely textured bauxite-ore residue) as a sequestering agent for arsenate and phosphate, including characterization of the types of surface complexes formed. The mineralogical and structural changes occurring in RM were investigated after exchange with arsenate [As(V)-RM] and phosphate [P(V)-RM] anions at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0. Eight different phases were present in the untreated red mud (RMnt), though 80 wt.% of the crystalline phase consisted of sodalite, hematite, gibbsite, and boehmite. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data for As(V)-RM revealed an anion-promoted dissolution of the gibbsite, suggesting that this phase was the most active for As(V) sequestration. In addition, the lattice parameters of cancrinite were different in As(V)-RM at pH 7.0 and 10.0 from those in RMnt. The changes may be related to the incorporation of arsenate in the cancrinite cages. X-ray diffraction patterns of P(V)-RM at pH 4.0 and 7.0 revealed the dissolution of sodalite, hematite, and gibbsite, and the formation of a novel phase, berlinite [(α,β)AlPO4]. The new phases detected through XRD and thermal (TG/DTG) analysis in P(V)-RM probably originated through an initial phosphate-promoted dissolution of some RM phases, followed by a precipitation reaction between the phosphate and Al/Fe ions. The results obtained suggest that phosphate and arsenate, though with different reactivities, were strongly bound to some RM phases, such as gibbsite, cancrinite, sodalite, and hematite through mechanisms such as chemical sorption and coprecipitation reactions. The knowledge acquired will be helpful in selecting alternative materials such as red muds, which currently pose critical economic and environmental challenges related to their disposal, for the decontamination of soils and waters polluted with As.

Keywords

ArsenatePhosphateRed MudsThermal AnalysisXRD Diffraction
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , April 2011 , pp. 189 - 199
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2011

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