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The viscosity of organic liquid suspensions of trimethyldococylammonium-montmorillonite complexes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Makoto Minase ,
Mitsuji Kondo ,
Masanobu Onikata  and
Katsuyuki Kawamura
Makoto Minase*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Clay Technology (LACT), Hojun Co. Ltd., 1433-1 Haraichi, Annaka, Gunma 379-0133, Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
Mitsuji Kondo
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Clay Technology (LACT), Hojun Co. Ltd., 1433-1 Haraichi, Annaka, Gunma 379-0133, Japan
Masanobu Onikata
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Clay Technology (LACT), Hojun Co. Ltd., 1433-1 Haraichi, Annaka, Gunma 379-0133, Japan
Katsuyuki Kawamura
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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An organophilic bentonite was prepared by means of a reaction of natural Na-montmorillonite with trimethyldococylammonium which has an especially long n-alkyl chain. The addition of trimethyldococylammonium to montmorillonite was in the range 0.25–3.0 times the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clay (i.e. 0.23–2.82 mmol/g clay). The particle morphology in organic liquid suspensions of organoclay complexes was studied by measuring the viscosity based on Eyring’s rate process and Robinson’s relative sediment volume. In toluene, montmorillonite with 1.17 mmol/g clay trimethyldococylammonium (1.25 times the CEC) had the largest specific gel volume, relative sediment volume, and K-factor. The results of the stoichiometry for trimethyldococylammonium-montmorillonite show that practically all of the quaternary ammonium was adsorbed to montmorillonite. Maximum half widths of 001 reflections from X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained in the range 0.74–1.17 mmol/g clay, indicating a disordered arrangement of the organic cation molecules intercalated between the layers. Appreciable shifts to lower-frequency regions in the Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra as a result of CH2-stretching vibrations were observed with increasing amounts of the organic cation. When increasing the amount of organic cation added to the clay from 0.94 to 1.41 mmol/g clay, a large shift occurred to the lower-frequency side, approaching the frequency of the organic cation alone. This indicates that the interaction between adjacent hydrocarbon chains becomes progressively stronger, due to van der Waals attraction, with increases in the amount of organic cation. Interactions of the alkyl chains in trimethyldococylammonium-montmorillonite complexes with irregularly distributed and randomly arranged alkyl chains between the silicate layers were weak, and, as a result, solvation with external organic liquids occurred and gel formation developed through macroscopic swelling of the organoclay.

Keywords

FTIR Absorption SpectraOrganophilic BentoniteParticle MorphologyRelative Sediment VolumeSpecific Gel VolumeSpecific Plastic ViscosityStoichiometryStructureTrimethyldococylammoniumXRD 00l Reflection
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 49 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © 2008, The Clay Minerals Society

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