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Unlocking the potential of V/Ti-AAC: a promising eco-friendly catalyst for cyclohexene epoxidation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2024

Noureddine Belaidi ,
Hajer Azzi ,
Sanaa El-Korso ,
Abderrahim Choukchou-Braham  and
Abdelkader Nebatti-Ech Chergui
Noureddine Belaidi*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, Algérie
Hajer Azzi
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, Algérie Université de Ain Temouchent, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, BP 284,46000 Ain Témouchent, Algérie
Sanaa El-Korso
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, Algérie
Abderrahim Choukchou-Braham
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, Algérie
Abdelkader Nebatti-Ech Chergui*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, University of Ain-Temouchent Belhadj Bouchaib, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Algeria
*
Corresponding authors: N. Belaidi and A. Nebatti-Ech Chergui; Emails: [email protected], [email protected]
Corresponding authors: N. Belaidi and A. Nebatti-Ech Chergui; Emails: [email protected], [email protected]
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Abstract

Bentonite is an abundant natural resource in the Maghnia region of Algeria that may have potential value in catalysis, but heretofore has been considered of low value for this purpose due to its low acidity and low catalytic activity. Low cost is one of the main criteria for choosing a suitable material for catalysis. Because bentonite is abundant and low-cost, its use as a starting material for the preparation of catalysts deserves reconsideration. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to optimize the performance of bentonite as a catalyst in one of the most promising reactions in organic synthesis, namely, cyclohexene epoxidation. The bentonite was subjected to adjustment of its structure by means of a number of laboratory treatments based on its large cation exchange capacity. These modifications aimed to achieve an environmentally friendly catalytic process by incorporating transition metals, specifically titanium and vanadium, into the modified bentonite structure through acid activation. Redox properties were enhanced and Lewis and Brønsted acidities were introduced. The vanadium oxide, supported on titania-pillared, acid-activated bentonite (5V/Ti-AAC), was characterized comprehensively using various techniques, including diffuse-reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy (DR UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for surface acidity analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray elemental analysis (EDX). The catalytic activity was investigated in response to certain variables, such as catalyst mass, nature of the solvent, amount of oxidant, and reaction temperature. A kinetic study was conducted to understand the reaction behavior. The experimental results demonstrated intriguing catalytic activity, achieving a 42% conversion rate with ~68% selectivity toward the epoxide product when employing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant and heptane as the solvent. This study highlights the potential of 5V/Ti-AAC as an environmentally friendly catalyst applied in the epoxidation of cyclohexene.

Keywords

BentoniteCyclohexeneEpoxidationTitaniumVanadium
Type
Original Paper
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 72 , 2024 , e19
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Clay Minerals Society

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