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Transformation of Trace Element-Substituted Maghemite to Hematite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

P. S. Sidhu
P. S. Sidhu*
Affiliation:
Department of Soils, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, India
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Abstract

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X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, and surface area (BET) measurements were employed to investigate the transformation of microcrystalline maghemite to hematite. At 500°C pure maghemite was completely altered to hematite in 3 hr, whereas maghemites containing small amounts (≤1%) of Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, Al, V, and Cr required much longer heating times. The maghemite-to-hematite transformation temperature varied from 540° to 650°C. XRD line widths suggest that each particle of maghemite and hematite may have been a mosaic of many independent, coherently diffracting crystals. The transformation of maghemite to hematite at 650°C was accompanied by a reduction in surface area due to sintering of particles.

Keywords

HematiteIronMaghemiteMagnetiteParticle sizeSinteringTrace elements
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 36 , Issue 1 , February 1988 , pp. 31 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © 1988, The Clay Minerals Society

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