Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:03:18.718Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Transformation of Akaganéite Into Goethite and Hematite in the Presence of Mn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

R. M. Cornell  and
R. Giovanoli
R. M. Cornell
Affiliation:
ETH Zentrum Zürich, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
R. Giovanoli
Affiliation:
University of Bern, Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Freiestrasse 3, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The interaction of Mn and akaganéite in neutral to alkaline media has been investigated using X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Akaganéite transformed into goethite and/or hematite, whereas Mn precipitated as hausmannite and birnessite at pH > 12 and as manganite at pH 7.5–8.5. Mn influenced the kinetics of the transformation of akaganéite: the rate-determining step, i.e., the dissolution of akaganéite, was retarded by adsorbed Mn species. Hematite formation was not suppressed. By catalyzing the air oxidation of adsorbed Mn(II), akaganéite promoted the formation of birnessite. Akaganéite did not retard recrystallization of the Mn phases. The incorporation of Mn in the structure of goethite formed in this system was negligible, and jacobsite (MnFe2O4) did not form. The formation of mixed Mn-Fe phases appeared to require a ratio of Mn2+: Fetotal > 0.02; this ratio was not achieved due to the oxidation of Mn2+ at the akaganéite surface.

Keywords

AkaganéiteGoethiteHematiteManganeseTransmission electron microscopyX-ray powder diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , April 1991 , pp. 144 - 150
Copyright
Copyright © 1991, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Carlson, L. and Schwertmann, U., 1981 Natural ferrihy-drite in surface deposits from Finland and their association with silica Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45 421 – 429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R. M. and Schwertmann, U., 1979 Influence of organic anions on the crystallization of ferrihydrite Clays & Clay Minerals 27 402 – 410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R. M., 1985 The influence of simple sugars on the alkaline transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite and hematite Clays & Clay Minerals 33 219 – 227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R. M. and Giovanoli, R., 1985 Effect of solution conditions on the proportion and morphology of goethite formed from ferrihydrite Clays & Clay Minerals 33 424 – 432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R.M. and Giovanoli, R., 1987 Effect of manganese on the transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite and ja-cobsite in alkaline media Clays & Clay Minerals 35 11 – 21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R. M., Giovanoli, R. and Schindler, P. W., 1987 Effect of silicate species on the transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite and hematite in alkaline media Clays & Clay Minerals 35 22 – 28.Google Scholar
Cornell, R. M. and Giovanoli, R., 1988 Transformation of hausmannite into birnessite in alkaline media Clay & Clay Minerals 36 249 – 257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R. M. and Schneider, W., 1989 Formation of goethite from ferrihydrite at physiological pH under the influence of cysteine Polyhedron 8 149 – 155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R. M. and Giovanoli, R., 1990 Transformation of akaganéite into goethite and hematite in alkaline media Clays & Clay Minerals 38 469 – 476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, S. H. R. and Morgan, J. J., 1989 Manganese (II) oxidation kinetics on metal oxide surfaces J. Colloid Int. Sci. 129 63 – 77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebinger, M. H. and Schluze, D. G., 1989 Mn-substituted goethite and Fe substituted groutite synthesized at acid pH Clays & Clay Minerals 37 151 – 156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldschmidt, V. M., 1937 The principles of distribution of chemical elements in minerals and rocks J. Chem. Soc .Google Scholar
Halbach, P., Giovanoli, R. and von Borstel, D., 1982 Geo-chemical processes controlling the relationship between Co, Mn and Fe in early diagentic deep-sea nodules Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 60 226 – 236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hem, J. D., 1977 Reactions of metal ions at surfaces of hydrous iron oxides Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 41 527 – 538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishnamurti, G. S. R. and Huang, P. M., 1988 Influence of manganese oxide minerals on the formation of iron oxides Clays & Clay Minerals 36 467 – 475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishnamurti, G. S. R. and Huang, P. M., 1989 Influence of Mn2+ and pH on the formation of iron oxides from ferrous chloride and ferrous sulphate solutions Clays & Clay Minerals 37 541 – 548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, D. G. and Schwertmann, U., 1979 The influence of aluminum on the formation of iron oxides. IV. The influence of [Al], [OH] and temperature Clays & Clay Minerals 27 195 – 200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olliff, R. W. and Odell, A. L., 1964 Correlation of reaction rates with electronic absorption spectra for a series of triox-alates of tervalent metals J. Chem. Soc 2417 – 2421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, W., 1988 Iron hydrolysis and the biochemistry of iron—The interplay of hydroxide and biogenic ligands Chimia 42 9 – 20.Google Scholar
Schwertmann, U. and Fischer, W., 1966 Zur Bildung von α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 aus amorphem Eisen(III) hydroxide Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 346 137 – 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwertmann, U. and Murad, E., 1983 The effect of pH on the formation of goethite and hematite from ferrihydrite Clays & Clay Minerals 31 277 – 284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwertmann, U. and Murad, E., 1988 The nature of an iron oxide organic iron association in a peaty environment Clay Min. 23 291 – 299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiers, W. and Schwertmann, U., 1985 Evidence for manganese substitution in synthetic goethite Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49 1909 – 1911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stumm, W., Furrer, G. and Kunz, B., 1983 The role of surface coordination in precipitation and dissolution of mineral phases Croatica Chem. Acta 56 593 – 611.Google Scholar