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Thickness Distribution of Illite Crystals in Shales. I: X-Ray Diffraction vs. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Measurements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Teresa Dudek ,
Jan Środoń ,
Dennis D. Eberl ,
Françoise Elsass  and
Peter Uhlik
Teresa Dudek*
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Senacka 1, 31-002 Kraków, Poland
Jan Środoń
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Senacka 1, 31-002 Kraków, Poland
Dennis D. Eberl
Affiliation:
US Geological Survey, Suite E-127, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, Colorado 80303-1066, USA
Françoise Elsass
Affiliation:
Science du Sol INRA, Versailles, France
Peter Uhlik
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Deposits, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Two independent methods of crystal-size distribution analysis were compared: the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach XRD technique (MudMaster computer program) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). These techniques were used to measure thickness distributions of illite crystals (fundamental particles) from sets of illite-smectites from shales and bentonites that had expandabilities ranging from 86%S to 6%S. The illite-smectites were treated with a polymer (polyvinylopyrolidone, PVP) to separate them into fundamental particles for XRD and HRTEM investigations.

A systematic difference between XRD and HRTEM results was observed: XRD (area-weighted distributions) detected a larger fraction of thick (>4 nm) and a smaller fraction of thin crystals as compared to HRTEM (number-weighted distributions). As a result, XRD-determined distributions have larger mean thickness values and larger distribution parameters (α and β2). The measurements performed by the two techniques were verified by modeling XRD patterns of the PVP-illites, using the measured distributions as inputs. The modeling indicated that the XRD-determined distributions are very accurate. Selecting broader thickness distributions in MudMaster further improved the modeling results. The HRTEM measurements underestimate the proportion of coarse particles, in particular in shale samples, and this inaccuracy is attributed to the effect of using number-weighted (rather than area-weighted) distributions and to inaccurate counting statistics for thick crystals.

Keywords

BWA AnalysisCrystal Size DistributionFundamental ParticlesHRTEMIllite-smectiteLognormal DistributionMudMasterXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 5 , October 2002 , pp. 562 - 577
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

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