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Synthetic Allophane and Layer-Silicate Formation in SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-Fe2O3-MgO-H2O Systems at 23°C and 89°C in a Calcareous Environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

V. C. Farmer ,
G. S. R. Krishnamurti  and
P. M. Huang
V. C. Farmer
Affiliation:
The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, United Kingdom
G. S. R. Krishnamurti
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0, Canada
P. M. Huang
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0, Canada
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Abstract

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Solutions containing AlCl3 and Si(OH)4 (concentrations ≤ 1.5 mM with molar Si:Al ratios of 1:2, 1:1 and 3:1) and FeCl2 (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) were adjusted to pH 8 with Ca(OH)2, and incubated at 23°C and 89°C without exclusion of air in the presence of CaCO3 for 8–12 weeks. The products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Systems with 3:1 and 1:1 Si:Al ratios without Fe gave hydrous feldspathoids at 23° and 89°C. Systems with 3:1 Si:Al ratios containing Fe gave aluminous nontronites at 89°C and noncrystalline, nontronite-like products at 23°C. Systems with 1:1 Si:Al ratios with added Fe gave Fe(III)-substituted hydrous feldspathoids at 23°C. At 89°C, the system with 1:1 Si:Al ratios and 0.5 mM Fe produced a “protohalloysite,” while that with 1.0 mM Fe gave a poorly ordered nontronite-like layer silicate. In systems with 1:2 Si:Al ratios, the formation of “protoimogolite” at 23°C was little affected by additions of Fe. At 89°C, the “protoimogolite” decomposed to boehmite and poorly-ordered layer silicate phases. Inclusion of 1 mM MgCl2 in the above systems had no effect on the products at 23°C, but at 89°C produced saponites and a mixed layer saponite-chlorite in the 3:1 Si:Al systems, and saponite-like layer structures in the 1:1 and 1:2 Si:Al systems.

Keywords

AllophaneHisingeriteHydrous feldspathoidNontronitePoorly-ordered layer silicates“Protoimogolite,”SaponiteSynthesis
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 6 , December 1991 , pp. 561 - 570
Copyright
Copyright © 1991, The Clay Minerals Society

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