Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T22:17:11.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrokinetic Properties of Polyindene/Colemanite Conducting Composite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Berrak Cetin ,
Halil Ibrahim Unal  and
Ozlem Erol
Berrak Cetin
Affiliation:
Smart Materials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
Halil Ibrahim Unal*
Affiliation:
Smart Materials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
Ozlem Erol
Affiliation:
Smart Materials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The aim of the aqueous electrokinetic experiments in the present study was to assess the relative contribution of the conducting polyindene (PIn) and inorganic colemanite components to the zeta (ζ) potentials of the composite particles, thus providing further insight into their surface composition in the dispersed state and establishing colloidally stable conditions for potential rheological, industrial applications. For this, PIn and a PIn/colemanite composite (containing 5 wt.% colemanite) were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 as an oxidizing agent. Colemanite, PIn, and PIn/colemanite composite samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, conductivity, dielectric constant, magnetic susceptibility, density, particle-size measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The electrokinetic properties of colemanite and PIn/colemanite composite dispersions were determined by ζ-potential measurements in aqueous medium, taking into account the effects of time, pH, various electrolytes, surfactants, and temperature. The pH was observed to have a greater effect on the ζ potentials of colemanite in water but caused only slight changes in the presence of cationic (NaCl, BaCl2, AlCl3) and anionic (NaCl, Na2SO4) electrolytes. Increased pH values shifted the ζ potentials of PIn/colemanite composite dispersions to more negative values. The most effective surfactant acting on the ζ potentials of colemanite and PIn/colemanite composite dispersions was cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which shifted the ζ potentials to more positive regions. Elevated temperatures caused almost no change to the ζ potentials of either the colemanite or the PIn/colemanite composite dispersions.

Keywords

ColemaniteConducting CompositeElectrokineticsPolyindene
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , June 2012 , pp. 300 - 314
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2012

References

Alkan, M. Demirbas, O. and Dogan, M., 2005 Electrokinetic properties of sepiolite suspensions in different electrolyte media Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 281 240–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alp, I., 2008 Application of magnetic separation technology for the recovery of colemanite from plant tailings Waste Management and Research 26 431–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atar, N. and Olgun, A., 2007 Removal of acid blue 62 on aqueous solution using calcinated colemanite ore waste Journal of Hazardous Materials 146 171–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bozkurt, A. Akbulut, U. and Toppare, L., 1996 Conducting polymer composites polypyrrole/polyindene Synthetic Metals 82 41–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabuk, T.Z. Sari, B. and Unal, H.I., 2010 Preparation of novel polyindene/polyoxymethylene blends and investigation of their properties Journal of Applied Polymer Science 117 3659–3664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cakic, M.D. Nikolic, G.S. and Ilic, L.A., 2002 FTIR Spectra of iron(III) complexes with dextran, pullulan and inulin oligomers Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia 21 135–146.Google Scholar
Celik, M.S., Wypych, F. and Satyanarayana, K.G., 2004 Electrokinetic behavior of clay surfaces Clay Surfaces Fundamentals and Applications Amsterdam Elsevier 57–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celik, M.S. and Bulut, R., 1996 Mechanism of selective flotation of sodium-calcium borates with anionic and cationic collectors Separation Science and Technology 31 1817–1829.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celik, M.S. Hancer, M. and Miller, J.D., 2002 Flotation chemistry of boron minerals Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 256 121–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chotipong, A. Scamehorn, J.F. Rirksomboon, T. Chavadej, S. and Supaphol, P., 2007 Removal of solvent-based ink from printed surface of high density polyethylene bottles by alkyltrimetylammonium bromides: Effect of pH, temperature, and salinity Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 297 163–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, T.W. Colak, S. and Hooper, R.M., 1991 Boric acid production by the calcination and leaching of powdered colemanite Powder Technology 65 433–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J.A. James, R.O. and Leckie, J.O., 1978 Surface ionization and complexation at the oxide/water interface: I. Computation of electrical double layer properties in simple electrolytes Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 63 480–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duman, O. and Tunc, S., 2009 Electrokinetic and rheological properties of Na-bentonite in some electrolyte solutions Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 117 331–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Desoky, M.M., 2003 DC conductivity and hopping mechanism in V2O5-B2O3-BaO glasses Physica Status Solidi A: Applications and Materials Science 192 422–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eristi, C. Yavuz, M. Yilmaz, H. Sari, B. and Unal, H.I., 2007 Synthesis, characterization and electrorheological properties of polyindene/kaolinite composites Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry 44 759–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia-Garcia, S. Jonsson, M. and Wold, S., 2004 Temperature effect on the stability of bentonite colloids in water Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 298 694–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gemici, U. Tarcan, G. Helvaci, C. and Somay, A.M., 2008 High arsenic and boron concetration in groundwaters related to mining activity in the Bigadic borate deposits Applied Geochemistry 23 2462–2476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, J., 1989 Fundamental of flocculation Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 13 185–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gumus, O.Y. Unal, H.I. Erol, O. and Sari, B., 2011 Synthesis, characterization, and colloidal properties of polythiophene/borax conducting composite Polymer Composites 32 418–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gur, A., 2007 Dissolution mechanism of colemanite in sulphuric acid solutions Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 24 588–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, S.K. and Stewart, H.W.B., 1975 The extraction and determination of plant-available boron in soils Schweizerische Landwirtschaftliche Monatshefte 14 153–169.Google Scholar
Guzel, S. Unal, H.I. Erol, O. and Sari, B., 2012 Polyindene/organo-montmorillonite conducting nanocomposites I: Synthesis, characterization and electrokinetic properties Journal of Applied Polymer Science 123 2911–2922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancer, M. and Celik, M.S., 1993 Flotation mechanisms of boron minerals Separation Science Technology 28 1703–1714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hang, J.Z. Zhang, Y.F. Shi, L. and Feng, Y., 2007 Electrokinetic properties of barite nanoparticles suspensions in different electrolyte media Journal of Materials Science 42 9611–9616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishikawa, Y. Katoh, Y. and Ohshima, H., 2005 Colloidal stability of aqueous polymeric dispersions: Effect of pH and salt concentration Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 42 53–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanaoka, S. Ikeda, N. Tanaka, A. Yamaoka, H. and Higashimura, T., 2002 Cationic copolymerization of indene with styrene derivatives: synthesis of random copolymers of indene with high molecular weight Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 40 2449–2457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kavas, T. Christogerou, A. Pontikes, Y. and Angelopoulos, G.N., 2011 Valorisation of different types of boroncontaining wastes of the production of lightweight aggregates Journal of Hazardous Materials 185 1381–1389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaynak, C. and Isitman, N.A., 2011 Synergistic fire retardancy of colemanite, a natural hydrated calcium borate, in high-impact polystyrene containing brominated epoxy and antimony oxide Polymer Degradation and Stability 96 798–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, J.P. Midha, S. and Keazler, B., 1993 Living carbocationic polymerization 55. Living polymerization of indene. Macromolecules 26 424–428.Google Scholar
Lee, D. Omolade, D. Cohen, R.E. and Rubner, M.F., 2007 pH-dependent structure and properties of TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticle multi layer thin films Chemistry of Materials 19 1427–1433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, X. Zhang, W. Wang, C. Wen, T. and Wei, Y., 2011 One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties and applications Progress in Polymer Science 36 671–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDiarmid, A.G., 2001 Synthetic metals: A novel role for organic polymers Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 40 2581–2590.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matejovic, I., 1993 Determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in soils by automated elemental analysis (dry combustion method) Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 24 2213–2222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitzi, A.B., 2001 Thin-film deposition of organic-inorganic hybrid materials Chemistry of Materials 13 3283–3298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyhenart, L. Vigneras, V. Demontoux, F. and Parneix, J.P., 2005 A three-dimensional planar photonic crystal using conducting polymers Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 44 460–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozdemir, O. and Celik, M.S., 2010 Surface properties and flotation characteristics of boron minerals The Open Mineral Processing Journal 3 2–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, E.H. Jeong, S.U. Jung, U.H. Kim, S.H. Lee, J. Nam, S.W. Lim, T.H. Park, Y.J. and Yu, Y.H., 2007 Recycling of sodium metaborate to borax International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 2982–2987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parks, G.A., 1965 The isoelectric points of solid oxides, solid hydroxides and aqueous hydroxo complex systems Chemical Reviews 65 177–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavlyukevich, Y.G. Levitskii, I.A. and Mazura, N.V., 2009 Use of colemanite in class fiber production Glass and Ceramics 66 9–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, S.R., 2004 Mechanism of the action of modifying agents Surface Chemistry of Forth Flotation: Reagents and Mechanisms New York Luwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 223.Google Scholar
Sabaa, M.W. Mikhael, M.G. Furuhata, K. and Elsabee, M.Z., 1989 Thermal degradation behaviour of acrylonitrileindene copolymers Polymer Degradation and Stability 23 257–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahinkaya, H.U. and Ozkan, A., 2011 Investigation of shear flocculation behaviors of colemanite with some anionic surfactants and inorganic salts Separation and Purification Technology 80 131–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sari, A. and Tuzen, M., 2009 Kinetic and equilibrium studies of Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions onto colemanite ore waste Desalination 249 260–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soga, K. and Monoi, T., 1989 Copolymerization of styrene with indene by the Ti(OiPr)4-methylaluminoxane catalysts Macromolecules 22 3823–3824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stamm, M., 2008 Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces: Characterization, Modification and Applications Berlin, Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, Y.F. Huang, Z.P. Feng, L. and Chen, Y.F., 2005 Fabrication of alpha-AlO(OH)-SiO2 with core-shell structures by heterogeneous nucleation-and-growth processing Applied Surface Science 241 412–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tkachenko, N.H. Yaremko, Z.M. and Bellmann, C., 2006 Effect of 1-1-charged ions on aggregative stability and electrical surface properties of aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 279 10–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ucar, A. and Yargan, M., 2009 Selective separation of boron values from the tailing of a colemanite processing plant Separation and Purification Technology 68 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulgut, B. Grose, J.E. Kiya, Y. Ralph, D.C. and Abruna, H.D., 2009 A new interpretation of electrohemical impedance spectroscopy to measure accurate doping level for conducting polymers: Separating Faradaic and capacitve currents Applied Surface Science 256 1304–1308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Pauw, L.T., 1958 A method of measuring specific resistivity and Hall effect of disc of arbitrary shape Philips Research Reports 13 1–9.Google Scholar
Yalcinkaya, O. Kalfa, O.M. and Turker, A.R., 2010 Chelating agent free solid phase extraction (CAF-SPE) method for separation and/or preconcentration of iron(III) ions Turkish Journal of Chemistry 34 207–217.Google Scholar
Waclawska, I. and Stoch, L., 1988 Thermal decomposition of colemanite Thermochimica Acta 126 307–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walcarius, A., 2001 Electrochemical applications of silicabased organic-inorganic hybrid materials Chemistry of Materials 13 3351–3372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, C.E., 1966 Infrared spectra of the hydrated borates Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards - A. Physics and Chemistry 70A 153–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, Y. Xing, Y.Z.W. Xu, N. and Wong, F.S., 2005 Effects of inorganic electrolytes on zeta potentials of ceramic microfiltration membranes Separation and Purification Technology 42 117–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar