Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T22:54:41.341Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synthesis and Properties of Titanium Oxide Cross-Linked Montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Johan Sterte
Johan Sterte*
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Titanium was introduced into the montmorillonite structure by cation exchange with polymeric Ti cations, formed by partial hydrolysis of TiCl4 in HCl. On further hydrolysis and heating, TiO2 pillars in the form of anastase were formed between the montmorillonite layers. The resulting TiO2-cross-linked montmorillonites possessed surface areas in the range 200–350 m2/g and pore volumes of about 0.2 cm3/g and were thermally and hydrothermally stable to 700°C. The basal spacing of products heated at temperatures > 200°C was about 28Å, as determined by X-ray powder diffraction and by N2-desorption pore-size analysis. The surface area increased and the pore volume decreased with increasing HCl-concentration in the Ti-solution. The uptake of TiO2 by the montmorillonite, the surface area, and the pore volume increased with increasing amount of Ti added in the preparation, to about 10 mmoles of Ti/g of montmorillonite. A further increase in the amount of Ti added resulted in a decrease in surface area, but the pore volume and the uptake of TiO2 remained almost constant. The high porosity and the interlayer spacing of the product are consistent with a structure similar to that previously proposed for smectites, cross-linked with hydroxy-Al oligocations.

Keywords

Cross-linked smectiteMontmorillonitePillared interlayer complexPorosityThermal stabilityTitanium oxide
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , December 1986 , pp. 658 - 664
Copyright
Copyright © 1986, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Baes, F. B. and Mesmer, R. E., 1976 The Hydrolysis of Cations New York Wiley 147–151.Google Scholar
Brindley, G. W. and Sempels, R. E., 1977 Preparation and properties of some hydroxy-aluminum beidellites Clay Miner. 12 229–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W. and Yamanaka, S., 1979 A study of hydroxy chromium montmorillonites and the form of the hydroxy-chromium polymers Amer. Mineral. 64 830–835.Google Scholar
Einaga, H., 1979 Hydrolysis of titanium(IV) in aqueous (Na,H)Cl solution J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1917–1919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endo, T., Mortland, M. M. and Pinnavaia, T. J., 1980 Intercalation of silica in smectites Clays & Clay Minerals 28 105–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R. E., 1953 Clay Mineralogy London McGraw-Hill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halsey, G., 1948 Physical adsorption on non-uniform surfaces J. Chem. Phys. 16 931–937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Her, R. K., 1955 The Colloid Chemistry of Silica and Silicates Ithaca, New York Cornell University Press 194–195.Google Scholar
Iler, R. K., 1979 The Chemistry of Silica New York Wiley 95–98.Google Scholar
Lahav, N., Shani, U. and Shabtai, J., 1978 Cross-linked smectites. I. Synthesis and properties of hydroxy-aluminum montmorillonite Clays & Clay Minerals 26 107–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, R. M., Ott, K. C. and Van Santen, R. A., 1985 Silica-clay complexes U.S. Patent .Google Scholar
Medlin, J. H., Suhr, N. H. and Bodkin, J. B., 1969 Atomic absorption analysis of silicates employing LiBO2 fusion At. Absorpt. Newsl. 8 25–29.Google Scholar
Nabivanets, B. I. and Kudritskaya, L. N., 1967 A study on the polymerization of titanium (IV) in hydrochloric acid solutions Russ. J. Inovg. Chem. 12 616–620.Google Scholar
Pinnavaia, T. J., 1983 Intercalated clay catalysts Science 220 365–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shabtai, J., Massoth, F. E., Tokarz, M., Tsai, G. M., McCauley, J. and Ertl, G., 1984 Characterization and molecular shape selectivity of cross-linked montmorillonite (CLM) catalysts Proc. 8th Internat. Congress Catal., Berlin, 1984, Vol. 4 Berlin Verlag Chemie 735–745.Google Scholar
Shabtai, J., Rosell, M. and Tokarz, M., 1984 Cross-linked smectites. III. Synthesis and properties of hydroxy-aluminum hectorites and fluorhectorites Clays & Clay Minerals 32 99–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, J. M. and Thomas, W. J., 1967 Introduction to the Principles of Heterogeneous Catalysis London Academic Press 197–204.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. E. W., Lussier, R. J. and Magee, J. S., 1979 Pillared interlayered clay materials useful as catalysts and sorbents U.S. Patent .Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. E. W., Lussier, R. J. and Magee, J. S., 1981 Pillared intercalated clay products U.S. Patent .Google Scholar
Yamanaka, S. and Brindley, G. W., 1979 High surface area solids obtained by reaction of montmorillonite with zir-conyl chloride Clays & clay Minerals 27 119–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamanaka, S., Doi, T., Sako, S. and Hattori, M., 1984 High surface area solids obtained by intercalation of iron oxide pillars in montmorillonite Mat. Res. Bull. 19 161–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar