Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T19:36:50.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Smectite Diagenesis in Neogene Marine Sandstone and Mudstone of the Niigata Basin, Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Ben Niu ,
Takahisa Yoshimura  and
Akio Hirai
Ben Niu
Affiliation:
Geology and Geochemistry Laboratory, Technology Research Center, Japan National Oil Corporation, 2-2, Hamada 1 Chome, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 261-0025, Japan
Takahisa Yoshimura
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-ninocho, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 950-2102, Japan
Akio Hirai
Affiliation:
Technical Research Center, Teikoku Oil Co., Ltd., 23-30, Kitakarasuyama 9 Chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0061, Japan
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Illitization of smectite during progressive burial diagenesis occurs differently in sandstone and mudstone, which are interbedded in the sedimentary sequence of the Niigata basin. Reaction progress of illitization of smectite via mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S) in the mudstone is more complete than in the sandstone. In sandstone, smectite converts to (Reichweit, R ≥ 3) I-S and illite via random (R = 0) I-S to ordered (R = 1) I-S, and authigenic chlorite and quartz form as products of the illitization of smectite.

The original composition of detrital smectite and the occurrence of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ in pore fluids partly control both illitization of smectite and the resulting authigenic mineral products in the diagenetic process. In mudstone, detrital smectite is K- and Si-rich in composition, and the illitization of smectite indicates that the original composition is mostly inherited. Excess silica owing to illitization is released to produce authigenic quartz. In sandstone, smectite forms primarily by precipitation. The evolving compositions produced by early illitization form smectite, then random (R = 0) I-S, and then ordered (R = 1) I-S. These transitions are related to compositions of pore fluid. Changes in K/(K + Ca + Na) vs. K + Ca + Na imply that the increase of interlayer cations occurs by absorption and smectite transforms to random (R = 0) I-S, followed by the exchange of interlayer cations to ordered (R = 1) I-S with increasing diagenetic grade. Late illitization from (R = 1) I-S to R ≥ 3 suggests decomposition of smectite and early I-S with an increase in the number of illite layers. Dissolution experiments of host rocks with pure water and 0.01 M HCl solution reflect the differences in chemistry of the original pore fluid and authigenic carbonate in the process of diagenesis of clastic rocks. These results explain how chemical composition produces large variations in transformation temperature of smectite to illite in the diagenetic process.

Keywords

Authigenic ChloriteDiagenesisIllitizationMixed-Layer Illite-SmectitePore FluidSmectiteSmectite-Illite Transformation
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 1 , February 2000 , pp. 26 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © 2000, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Aagaard, P. and Jahren, J.S., 1992 Diagenetic illite-chlorite assemblages in arenites. II. Thermodynamic relations. Clays and Clay Minerals 40 547–554 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloss, F.D., 1994 Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. Washington, D.C. Mineralogical Society of America 284–342.Google Scholar
Boles, J.R. and Franks, S.G., 1979 Clay diagenesis in Wilcox Sandstones of southwest Texas: Implications of smectite diagenesis on sandstone cementation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 49 55–70.Google Scholar
Bruce, C.H., 1984 Smectite dehydration—its relation to structural development and hydrocarbon accumulation in Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin. The American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin 68 673–683.Google Scholar
Burst, J.E., 1959 Postdiagenetic clay mineral environmental relationship in the Gulf Coast Eocene. Clays and Clay Minerals 6 327–341 10.1346/CCMN.1957.0060124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberl, D.D. and Hower, J., 1976 Kinetics of illite formation. Geological Society of America Bulletin 87 1326–1330 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1326:KOIF>2.0.CO;2.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberl, D.D. and Hower, J., 1977 The hydrothermal transformation of sodium and potassium smectite into mixed-layer clay. Clays and Clay Minerals 25 215–227 10.1346/CCMN.1977.0250308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freed, R.L. and Peacor, D.R., 1989 Variability in temperature of illite-smectite reaction in Gulf Coast sediments. Clay Minerals 24 171–180 10.1180/claymin.1989.024.2.05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freed, R.L. and Peacor, D.R., 1992 Diagenesis and formation of authigenic illite-rich I-S crystals in Gulf coast shales. TEM study of clay separates. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 62 220–234.Google Scholar
Hiltabrand, E. and Ferrell, R.E. Jr. and Billings, G.K., 1973 Experimental diagenesis of Gulf Coast argillaceous sediment. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 57 338–348.Google Scholar
Hoffman, J. Hower, J., Scholle, P.A. and Schluger, P.S., 1979 Clay mineral assemblages as low grade metamorphic geothermometers: Applications to the thrust faulted disturbed belt of Montana, U.S.A Aspects of Diagenesis Tulsa, Oklahoma Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists 55–79 10.2110/pec.79.26.0055.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, J.J., 1981 Lithium and potassium saturation of illite-smectite clays from interlaminated shales and sandstones. Clays and Clay Minerals 29 136–142 10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hower, J. Eslinger, E.V. Hower, M.E. and Perry, E.A., 1976 Mechanism of burial metamorphism of argillaceous sediments: 1. Mineralogical and chemical evidence. Geological Society of America Bulletin 87 725–737 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<725:MOBMOA>2.0.CO;2.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, A., 1983 Potassium fixation by clay minerals during hydrothermal treatment. Clays and Clay Minerals 31 81–91 10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, A., 1991 Factors governing the smectite-to-illite conversion in diagenetic environments. Clay Science 31 14–22.Google Scholar
JNOC, Japan National Oil Corporation, 1994 The exploration report of MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) Mishima drilling .Google Scholar
JNOC, Japan National Oil Corporation, 1995 The exploration report of MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) Shin-takenomachi drilling .Google Scholar
Kikuchi, Y. Tono, S. and Funayama, M., 1991 Petroleum resources in the Japanese islandarc setting Episodes 14 236–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindgreen, H., 1991 Elemental and structural changes in illite-smectite mixed-layer clay minerals during diagenesis in Kimmeridgian-Volgian (-Ryazanian) clays in the central trough, North Sea and the Norwegian-Danish Basin. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 39 1–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarty, D.K. and Thompson, G.R., 1991 Burial diagenesis in two Montana Tertiary basins. Clays and Clay Minerals 39 293–305 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MDI, Material Data, Inc., 1991 Advanced pattern processing 6 JADE for Windows - XRD pattern processing for the PC California Livermore 67–82.Google Scholar
Niu, B. and Yoshimura, T., 1996 Smectite conversion in diagenesis and low grade hydrothermal alteration from Neo-gene basaltic marine sediments in Niigata Basin, Japan. Clay Science 10 37–56.Google Scholar
Perry, E.A. and Hower, J., 1972 Late-stage dehydration in deeply buried pelitic sediments. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 56 2013–2021.Google Scholar
Pollastro, R.M., 1993 Considerations and applications of the illite-smectite geothermometer in hydrocarbon-bearing rocks of Miocene to Mississippian age. Clays and Clay Minerals 41 119–133 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pytte, A.M. Reynolds, R.C., Naeser, N.D. and McCulloh, T.H., 1989 The thermal transformation of smectite to illite Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins Berlin Springer-Verlag 133–140 10.1007/978-1-4612-3492-0_8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranson, B. and Helgeson, H.C., 1995 A chemical and ther-mohydrodynamic model of dioctahedral 2:1 layer minerals in diagenetic processes; dehydration of dioctahedral aluminous smectite as a function of temperature and depth in sedimentary basin. American Journal of Science 295 245–281 10.2475/ajs.295.3.245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. (1985) NEWMOD - a computer program, Reynolds, R.C. Jr., 8 Brook Dr., Hanover, New Hampshire.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. and Hower, J., 1970 The nature of interlay-ering in mixed-layer illite-montmorillionites. Clays and Clay Minerals 18 25–36 10.1346/CCMN.1970.0180104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sucha, V. Kraus, I. Gerthofferova, H. Petes, J. and Serekova, M., 1993 Smectite to illite conversion in bentonites and shales of the East Slovak Basin. Clay Minerals 28 243–253 10.1180/claymin.1993.028.2.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B. and Velde, B., 1995 Compaction and diagenesis Origin and Mineralogy of Clays—Clays and the Environment Verlag Springer 220–245 10.1007/978-3-662-12648-6_5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B. and Ijima, A., 1988 Comparison of clay and zeolite mineral occurrences in Neogene age sediments from several deep wells. Clays and Clay Minerals 36 337–342 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, T., 1988 The structural model of illite-smectite interstratified mineral and the diagram for its identification. Clay Science 7 97–114.Google Scholar
Weaver, C.E., 1958 A discussion of the origin of clay minerals in sedimentary rocks. Clays and Clay Minerals 5 159–173 10.1346/CCMN.1956.0050113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wearer, C.E. and Wearer, C.E., 1989 “Authigenic Marine” physils Developments in Sedimentology 44: Clays, Muds, and Shales Amsterdam Elsevier 345–414.Google Scholar
Yoshimura, T., 1994 Evaluation of thermal history of sedimentary basin from a mineralogical point of view. Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 59 271–278 10.3720/japt.59.271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar